Swine biomedical models have been gaining in popularity over the last decade, particularly for applications in oncology research. Swine models for cancer research include pigs that have severe combined immunodeficiency for xenotransplantation studies, genetically modified swine models which are capable of developing tumors in vivo, as well as normal immunocompetent pigs. In recent years, there has been a low success rate for the approval of new oncological therapeutics in clinical trials. The two leading reasons for these failures are either due to toxicity and safety issues or lack of efficacy. As all therapeutics must be tested within animal models prior to clinical testing, there are opportunities to expand the ability to assess efficacy and toxicity profiles within the preclinical testing phases of new therapeutics. Most preclinical in vivo testing is performed in mice, canines, and non-human primates. However, swine models are an alternative large animal model for cancer research with similarity to human size, genetics, and physiology. Additionally, tumorigenesis pathways are similar between human and pigs in that similar driver mutations are required for transformation. Due to their larger size, the development of orthotopic tumors is easier than in smaller rodent models; additionally, porcine models can be harnessed for testing of new interventional devices and radiological/surgical approaches as well. Taken together, swine are a feasible option for preclinical therapeutic and device testing. The goals of this resource are to provide a broad overview on regulatory processes required for new therapeutics and devices for use in the clinic, cross-species differences in oncological therapeutic responses, as well as to provide an overview of swine oncology models that have been developed that could be used for preclinical testing to fulfill regulatory requirements.

在过去十年中，猪生物医学模型越来越受欢迎，特别是在肿瘤学研究中的应用。用于癌症研究的猪模型包括用于异种移植研究的具有严重联合免疫缺陷的猪、能够在体内产生肿瘤的转基因猪模型，以及具有正常免疫能力的猪。近年来，在临床试验中批准新的肿瘤疗法的成功率很低。这些失败的两个主要原因要么是由于毒性和安全问题，要么是缺乏疗效。由于所有疗法都必须在临床试验之前在动物模型中进行测试，因此有机会在新疗法的临床前试验阶段扩大评估疗效和毒性特征的能力。大多数临床前体内试验是在小鼠、犬科动物和非人类灵长类动物中进行的。然而，猪模型是癌症研究的另一种大型动物模型，与人类的体型、遗传学和生理学相似。此外，人类和猪的肿瘤发生途径相似，因为转化需要相似的驱动突变。由于它们的体积较大，原位肿瘤的发展比较小的啮齿动物模型更容易；此外，猪模型还可用于测试新的介入设备和放射/外科方法。总之，猪是临床前治疗和设备测试的可行选择。该资源的目标是提供有关临床使用的新疗法和设备所需的监管程序的广泛概述，