In Northern Germany, a major share of postharvest losses of apple fruit is due to preharvest infections by pathogenic fungi. Little is known about their infection biology. Inoculation experiments were conducted with the most important storage-rot pathogen Neofabraea perennans, as well as with the recently discovered minor rot Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis, by spraying developing fruit on apple trees with conidial suspensions to drip wetness between June and harvest time (September / October). All inoculation events in three trial seasons were chosen to coincide with natural rainfall. Phenological stages and meteorological parameters of each infection event were used for correlation analyses. Both pathogens produced increasing fruit rot levels with inoculation dates closer to harvest. In addition, for N. perennans seven environmental factors were positively correlated with disease incidence, the most significant ones being the duration of post-infection leaf wetness and the scab infection quotient incorporating wetness and temperature. With P. washingtonensis, in addition to fruit maturity three environmental factors were identified. In a second step, multifactorial models for both pathogens were created using the phenological and meteorological factors. For N. perennans, scab infection quotient until first drying-off, dry hours within the leaf wetness period and post-inoculation precipitation levels were identified as important factors, whereas for P. washingtonensis only the average temperature during the leaf wetness period had a significant influence on the rot incidence. Either model was extended by the viability of conidia used for inoculation. Possibilities to deploy these models for a more accurate a priori prediction of the likely severity of storage rot and a more targeted use of pre- and postharvest fungicides and physical postharvest treatments are discussed.

在德国北部，苹果果实采后损失的很大一部分是由于病原真菌的采前感染所致。人们对它们的感染生物学知之甚少。对最重要的贮藏腐烂病菌Neofabraea perennans以及最近发现的次要腐烂病Phacidiopycnis Washingtontonensis进行了接种实验。，通过在苹果树上喷洒分生孢子悬浮液，在六月和收获时间（九月/十月）之间滴水润湿。选择三个试验季节的所有接种事件与自然降雨相吻合。每个感染事件的物候阶段和气象参数用于相关性分析。随着接种日期接近收获，这两种病原体都会导致果实腐烂程度增加。此外，对于多年生猪瘟，七个环境因素与发病率呈正相关，最显着的是感染后叶片湿度的持续时间和结合湿度和温度的疮痂病感染商数。与华盛顿对虾, 除了果实成熟度外，还确定了三个环境因素。第二步，使用物候和气象因素创建两种病原体的多因素模型。对于多年生猪瘟，第一次干燥前的痂病感染率、叶片湿润期的干燥时间和接种后的降水量被确定为重要因素，而对于华盛顿对虾只有叶片湿润期的平均温度对腐烂发生率有显着影响。两种模型都通过用于接种的分生孢子的生存力进行了扩展。讨论了部署这些模型的可能性，以便更准确地先验预测贮藏腐烂的可能严重程度，以及更有针对性地使用采前和采后杀菌剂以及采后物理处理。