Using several energy returns on investment indicators (multi-EROI), this article analyses the socioecological transition of an agroecosystem in the western Mediterranean on the island of Mallorca (Spain) over a period of 150 years which saw a change from traditional organic farming to a fossil fuel-based system of agriculture. This circular bioeconomic analysis evaluates the agroecosystem's capacity to produce goods by reproducing itself in 1860, 1956 and 2012. In 1860 land and livestock were mostly in the hands of a few landowners, who kept agroecosystems away from the full productive capacity of traditional organic farming so as to increase land rents by lowering wages. The bankruptcy of these large estates increased peasant access to land at the end of the nineteenth and the first third of the twentieth centuries. Peasant farms were mainly solar-based and combined polyculture with a large number of small flocks, thus creating complex and attractive Mediterranean biocultural landscapes with higher EROIs. By 1956, these had practically reached the limits of traditional organic farming and early became a residual activity within the tourism specialization of the economy. As everywhere, conventional farming reduced agrarian eco-efficiency through production increases achieved at the cost of greater dependence on external fossil fuel-based inputs, a loss of biophysical circularity and lower EROIs. In Mallorca, however, this took place at the same time as agriculture was subsumed by the tourist economy, leading to a more partial and less widespread adoption of Green Revolution techniques than in other parts of Spain. Although agroecosystem live funds were undermined and the reproduction of Mallorcan biocultural landscapes was placed at risk, an important heritage of biocultural peasant agriculture still survives as a resource for the future.

本文使用多项能源投资回报指标 (multi-EROI)，分析了马略卡岛（西班牙）地中海西部农业生态系统在 150 年的时间里从传统有机农业到农业生态系统的社会生态转变。以化石燃料为基础的农业系统。这种循环生物经济分析评估了农业生态系统在 1860 年、1956 年和 2012 年通过自我繁殖来生产商品的能力。 1860 年，土地和牲畜主要掌握在少数土地所有者手中，他们使农业生态系统远离传统有机农业的全部生产能力，因此通过降低工资来增加地租。在 19 世纪末和 20 世纪上半叶，这些大庄园的破产增加了农民获得土地的机会。农民农场主要以太阳能为主，并与大量小羊群结合混养，从而创造出复杂而有吸引力的地中海生物文化景观，具有更高的 EROI。到 1956 年，这些实际上已经达到了传统有机农业的极限，并很早就成为经济旅游专业化的残余活动。与其他地方一样，传统农业通过增加产量而降低了农业生态效率，代价是更多地依赖外部化石燃料投入，失去生物物理循环和较低的 EROI。然而，在马略卡岛，这发生在农业被旅游经济所包含的同时，导致绿色革命技术的采用比西班牙其他地区更局部和更不广泛。