Although previous research has found that prosocial behavior increases personal and relationship well-being, a particularly costly type of prosocial behavior — sacrifice — can sometimes have aversive effects and is the focus of the current review. We consider effects for both the individual who enacts the sacrifice and the recipient. Sacrifice, can take a toll on the giver's well-being, is a mixed blessing for the recipient (when they perceive the sacrifice), and may have some harmful consequences for relationships in the long-run. We discuss the importance of finding the right strategies (e.g. alternative solutions, comparison of costs and rewards between partners, reappraisals) to navigate these complex interpersonal situations in which partners' goals and preferences conflict.

尽管之前的研究发现亲社会行为会增加个人和人际关系的幸福感，但一种特别昂贵的亲社会行为——牺牲——有时会产生厌恶效果，并且是当前审查的重点。我们考虑了对做出牺牲的个人和接受者的影响。牺牲会损害给予者的幸福，对接受者来说是喜忧参半（当他们意识到牺牲时），从长远来看，可能会对关系产生一些有害的后果。我们讨论了寻找正确策略（例如替代解决方案、合作伙伴之间的成本和回报比较、重新评估）以驾驭这些合作伙伴目标和偏好发生冲突的复杂人际关系的重要性。