More than 420 million children live amid political conflict. In such settings, understanding the development of prosocial behaviours, specifically directed at outgroups, can provide opportunities for peacebuilding. Informed by research on intergroup competition and structural inequality, we focus on outgroup prosocial behaviour targeting conflict rivals. Already from a young age, children are politically socialised and show intergroup biases that dampen helping behaviours towards conflict rivals, which continue into adulthood. We review factors that shape youth's interpersonal helping and broader forms of prosociality, such as civic engagement, across group lines. We conceptualise outgroup prosocial behaviour along a continuum, ranging from interpersonal acts to broader structural and cultural constructive change. We conclude with directions for future research.

超过 4.2 亿儿童生活在政治冲突中。在这种情况下，了解特别针对外群体的亲社会行为的发展，可以为建设和平提供机会。通过对群体间竞争和结构性不平等的研究，我们专注于针对冲突对手的外群体亲社会行为。儿童从很小的时候就已经在政治上被社会化，并表现出群体间的偏见，从而抑制了对冲突对手的帮助行为，这种行为一直持续到成年。我们回顾了影响青年人际帮助和更广泛形式的亲社会性的因素，例如跨群体的公民参与。我们将外群体亲社会行为概念化为一个连续统一体，从人际行为到更广泛的结构和文化建设性变革。