Electrolyte engineering via fluorinated additives is promising to improve cycling stability and safety of high-energy Li-metal batteries. Here, an electrolyte is reported in a porous lithium fluoride (LiF) strategy to enable efficient carbonate electrolyte engineering for stable and safe Li-metal batteries. Unlike traditionally engineered electrolytes, the prepared electrolyte in the porous LiF nanobox exhibits nonflammability and high electrochemical performance owing to strong interactions between the electrolyte solvent molecules and numerous exposed active LiF (111) crystal planes. Via cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth analysis, it is revealed that the electrolyte in active porous LiF nanobox involves the formation of a high-fluorine-content (>30%) solid electrolyte interphase layer, which enables very stable Li-metal anode cycling over one thousand cycles under high current density (4 mA cm⁻²). More importantly, employing the porous LiF nanobox engineered electrolyte, a Li || LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ pouch cell is achieved with a specific energy of 380 Wh kg⁻¹ for stable cycling over 80 cycles, representing the excellent performance of the Li-metal pouch cell using practical carbonate electrolyte. This study provides a new electrolyte engineering strategy for stable and safe Li-metal batteries.

中文翻译：

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电解液中的氟化锂用于稳定和安全的锂金属电池

通过氟化添加剂进行电解质工程有望提高高能锂金属电池的循环稳定性和安全性。在这里，在多孔氟化锂 (LiF) 策略中报道了一种电解质，可以为稳定和安全的锂金属电池提供有效的碳酸盐电解质工程。与传统工程电解质不同，由于电解质溶剂分子与大量暴露的活性 LiF (111) 晶面之间的强相互作用，多孔 LiF 纳米盒中制备的电解质表现出不可燃性和高电化学性能。通过低温透射电子显微镜和 X 射线光电子能谱深度分析，发现活性多孔 LiF 纳米盒中的电解质涉及高氟含量（> 30%）固体电解质界面层的形成，^-2 )。更重要的是，采用多孔 LiF 纳米盒工程电解质，Li || LiNi _0.8 Co _0.1 Mn _0.1 O ₂软包电池的比能量为380 Wh kg ^-1，可稳定循环80次以上，代表了使用实用碳酸盐电解质的锂金属软包电池的优异性能。该研究为稳定安全的锂金属电池提供了一种新的电解质工程策略。