Small-cell lung cancer, a neuro-endocrine type of lung cancers, responds very well to chemotherapy-based agents. However, a high frequency of relapse due to adaptive resistance is observed. Immunotherapy-based treatments with checkpoint inhibitors has resulted in improvement of treatment but the responses are not as impressive as in other types of tumor. Therefore, identification of new targets and treatment modalities is an important issue. After searching the literature, we identified eight down-regulated microRNAs involved in radiation- and chemotherapy-induced resistance, as well as three up-regulated and four down-regulated miRNAs with impacts on proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of small-cell lung cancer cells in vitro. Furthermore, one up-regulated and four down-regulated microRNAs with in vivo activity in SCLC cell xenografts were identified. The identified microRNAs are candidates for inhibition or reconstitution therapy. The corresponding targets are candidates for inhibition or functional reconstitution with antibody-based moieties or small molecules.

中文翻译：

---

MicroRNAs 参与小细胞肺癌作为治疗和识别新靶点的可能药物。

小细胞肺癌是一种神经内分泌类型的肺癌，对基于化疗的药物反应良好。然而，观察到由于适应性抵抗引起的高复发率。使用检查点抑制剂进行基于免疫疗法的治疗已导致治疗效果的改善，但反应不如其他类型的肿瘤那么令人印象深刻。因此，确定新的靶点和治疗方式是一个重要的问题。在检索文献后，我们确定了 8 个参与放疗和化疗诱导的耐药性的下调 microRNA，以及 3 个上调和 4 个下调的 miRNA，它们对小细胞肺癌细胞的增殖、侵袭和凋亡有影响体外。此外，鉴定了在 SCLC 细胞异种移植物中具有体内活性的一种上调和四种下调 microRNA。鉴定出的 microRNA 是抑制或重建治疗的候选者。相应的靶标是使用基于抗体的部分或小分子进行抑制或功能重建的候选物。