Gallstones were examined for 58 patients in Jilin, Jilin. It was found that gallstones from only one who suffered from cholecystectomy were composed of 20 spheroidal stones and they rarely exhibited three different types of surface appearances. Six representative powder samples were analyzed for gallstones compositions and Mn²⁺ using X-ray diffraction (XRD)/Infrared (IR) and electron spin resonance (ESR), respectively. The results suggested that all gallstones from this patient were identified by XRD to be gallstones consisting mainly of cholesterol and CaCO₃ (GCCC). They rarely exhibited three different kinds of surface appearances corresponding to different concentration of trace Mn²⁺ in calcite (C_Mn²⁺/C_Cal): 18 dark/light brown spheres with smooth surfaces and C_Mn²⁺/C_Cal = 0–6 μg/g/%, a yellowish-brown huge sphere with a rougher surface and C_Mn²⁺/C_Cal = 30 μg/g/%, and an ashy sphere composed of tens of microspheres with the roughest surface and C_Mn²⁺/C_Cal = 60 μg/g/%. The difference in surface appearance showed significant association with C_Mn²⁺/C_Cal, and its increase made the gallstone’s surface change from smooth to rough and to fade in color. The unbalanced and competitive Mn²⁺ accumulation could occur occasionally in individual stones owing to different affinities to Mn²⁺, resulting in the formation of a huge stone and an ashy sphere. These two aberrations caused by higher C_Mn²⁺/C_Cal played an important role in suppressing the crystalline growth of the majority of dark/light brown spheres. GCCC from a patient might have a prominent Mn²⁺ partitioning feature corresponding to different surface appearances.

吉林省吉林市58例患者进行胆结石检查。结果发现，只有一名胆囊切除术患者的胆结石由 20 颗球形结石组成，它们很少表现出三种不同类型的表面外观。分别使用 X 射线衍射 (XRD)/红外 (IR) 和电子自旋共振 (ESR)分析了六个代表性粉末样品的胆结石成分和 Mn ^{2+ 。}结果表明，该患者的所有胆结石均经 XRD 鉴定为主要由胆固醇和 CaCO ₃ (GCCC) 组成的胆结石。它们很少表现出与方解石中不同浓度的微量Mn ²⁺相对应的三种不同的表面形貌（C _Mn ²⁺ /C_Cal )：18个深/浅棕色球体，表面光滑，C _Mn ²⁺ /C _Cal  = 0-6 μg/g/%，黄褐色巨大球体，表面较粗糙，C _Mn ²⁺ /C _Cal  = 30 μg/g/%，由数十个微球组成的灰球，表面最粗糙，C _Mn ²⁺ /C _Cal  = 60 μg/g/%。表面外观差异与C _Mn ²⁺ /C _Cal显着相关，其增加使胆结石表面由光滑变为粗糙并褪色。不平衡且有竞争力的 Mn ²⁺由于与Mn ²⁺的亲和力不同，个别结石偶尔会发生积累，导致形成巨大的结石和灰白色的球体。_{由较高的 C Mn} ²⁺ /C _Cal引起的这两种像差在抑制大多数深/浅棕色球体的晶体生长中发挥了重要作用。来自患者的GCCC可能具有对应于不同表面外观的突出的Mn ^{2+分配特征。}