BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive type of breast cancer with enhanced metastasis and poor survival. Though chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and gene delivery are used to treat TNBC, various side effects limit these therapeutics against TNBC. In this review article, we have focused on the mechanism of action of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to enhance the efficacy of therapeutics with targeted delivery on TNBC cells. METHODS Research data were accumulated from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using searching criteria "gold nanoparticles and triple-negative breast cancer" and "gold nanoparticles and cancer". Though we reviewed many old papers, the most cited papers were from the last ten years. RESULTS Various studies indicate that AuNPs can enhance bioavailability, site-specific drug delivery, and efficacy of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, PTT, and PDT as well as modulate gene expression. The role of AuNPs in the modulation of TNBC therapeutics through the inhibition of cell proliferation, progression, and metastasis has been proved in vitro and in vivo studies. As these mechanistic actions of AuNPs are most desirable to develop drugs with enhanced therapeutic efficacy against TNBC, it might be a promising approach to apply AuNPs for TNBC therapeutics. CONCLUSION This article reviewed the mechanism of action of AuNPs and their application in the enhancement of therapeutics against TNBC. Much more attention is required for studying the role of AuNPs in developing them either as a single or synergistic anticancer agent against TNBC.

中文翻译：

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三阴性乳腺癌治疗中的金纳米粒子。

背景三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)是最具侵袭性的乳腺癌类型，具有增强的转移和较差的存活率。虽然化学疗法、放射疗法、光热疗法 (PTT)、光动力疗法 (PDT) 和基因传递被用于治疗 TNBC，但各种副作用限制了这些疗法对 TNBC 的治疗。在这篇综述文章中，我们重点关注了金纳米粒子 (AuNP) 的作用机制，以提高靶向递送至 TNBC 细胞的治疗效果。方法 研究数据是从 PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science 和 Google Scholar 收集的，使用搜索标准“金纳米粒子和三阴性乳腺癌”和“金纳米粒子和癌症”。尽管我们回顾了许多旧论文，但被引用最多的论文来自过去十年。结果 各种研究表明，AuNPs 可以提高生物利用度、位点特异性药物递送以及化学疗法、放射疗法、PTT 和 PDT 的功效，以及调节基因表达。AuNPs 通过抑制细胞增殖、进展和转移来调节 TNBC 治疗的作用已在体外和体内研究中得到证实。由于 AuNPs 的这些机制作用最适合开发对 TNBC 具有增强治疗效果的药物，因此将 AuNPs 应用于 TNBC 治疗可能是一种有前途的方法。结论 本文综述了 AuNPs 的作用机制及其在增强 TNBC 治疗中的应用。需要更多的注意力来研究 AuNPs 在开发它们作为针对 TNBC 的单一或协同抗癌剂中的作用。