Given the availability of technological solutions and guidelines for safe drinking water, direct potable reuse of reclaimed water has become a promising option to overcome severe lack of potable water in arid regions. However, the growing awareness of the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in corresponding raw wastes has led to new safety concerns. This study investigated the fate of ARB and intracellular and extracellular ARG after each treatment step of an advanced water treatment facility in Windhoek, Namibia. The New Goreangab Water Reclamation Plant (NGWRP) produces drinking water from domestic secondary wastewater treatment plant effluent and directly provides for roughly a quarter of Windhoek's potable water demand. Procedures to study resistance determinants were based on both molecular biology and culture-based microbiological methods. TaqMan real-time PCR was employed to detect and quantify intracellular resistance genes sul1, ermB, vanA, nptII and nptIII as well as extracellular resistance gene sul1. The NGWRP reduced the amount of both culturable bacterial indicators as well as the resistance genes to levels below the limit of detection in the final product. The main ozonation and the ultrafiltration had the highest removal efficiencies on both resistance determinants.

鉴于安全饮用水的技术解决方案和指南的可用性，再生水的直接饮用水再利用已成为克服干旱地区严重缺乏饮用水的有希望的选择。然而，人们越来越意识到相应的原始废物中存在抗生素抗性细菌 (ARB) 和抗生素抗性基因 (ARG)，这导致了新的安全问题。本研究调查了纳米比亚温得和克先进水处理设施在每个处理步骤后 ARB 以及细胞内和细胞外 ARG 的归宿。新 Goreangab 水回收厂 (NGWRP) 从生活二级污水处理厂的污水中生产饮用水，直接满足温得和克大约四分之一的饮用水需求。研究抗性决定因素的程序基于分子生物学和基于培养的微生物学方法。采用 TaqMan 实时 PCR 检测和定量细胞内抗性基因sul1、ermB、vanA、nptII和nptIII以及细胞外抗性基因sul1。NGWRP 将可培养细菌指标和抗性基因的数量减少到低于最终产品检测限的水平。主臭氧化和超滤对两种阻力决定因素的去除效率最高。