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Cascading effects of caffeine intake by primary consumers to the upper trophic level
Bulletin of Entomological Research ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-03 , DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000687
Kévin Tougeron 1 , Thierry Hance 1
Affiliation  

Secondary metabolites are central to understanding the evolution of plant–animal interactions. Direct effects on phytophagous animals are well-known, but how secondary consumers adjust their behavioural and physiological responses to the herbivore's diet remains more scarcely explored for some metabolites. Caffeine is a neuroactive compound that affects both the behaviour and physiology of several animal species, from humans to insects. It is an alkaloid present in nectar, leaves and even sap of numerous species of plants where it plays a role in chemical defences against herbivores and pathogens. Caffeine effects have been overlooked in generalist herbivores that are not specialized in coffee or tea plants. Using a host–parasitoid system, we show that caffeine intake at a relatively low dose affects longevity and fecundity of the primary consumer, but also indirectly of the secondary one, suggesting that this alkaloid and/or its effects can be transmitted through trophic levels and persist in the food chain. Parasitism success was lowered by ≈16% on hosts fed with caffeine, and parasitoids of the next generation that have developed in hosts fed on caffeine showed a reduced longevity, but no differences in mass and size were found. This study helps at better understanding how plant secondary metabolites, such as caffeine involved in plant–animal interactions, could affect primary consumers, could have knock-on effects on upper trophic levels over generations, and could modify interspecific interactions in multitrophic systems.



中文翻译:

初级消费者摄入咖啡因对上层营养级的级联效应

次生代谢物对于理解动植物相互作用的进化至关重要。对植食性动物的直接影响是众所周知的,但是对于某些代谢物,二级消费者如何调整他们对食草动物饮食的行为和生理反应仍然很少有人探索。咖啡因是一种神经活性化合物,会影响从人类到昆虫等多种动物的行为和生理机能。它是一种生物碱,存在于多种植物的花蜜、叶子甚至汁液中,在对食草动物和病原体的化学防御中发挥作用。咖啡因的影响在不专门研究咖啡或茶树的多面食草动物中被忽视了。使用宿主-寄生虫系统,我们表明,相对低剂量的咖啡因摄入会影响主要消费者的寿命和繁殖力,但也会间接影响次要消费者,这表明这种生物碱和/或其影响可以通过营养水平传播并持续存在于食物链中。在以咖啡因喂养的宿主身上,寄生成功率降低了约 16%,在以咖啡因喂养的宿主身上发育的下一代寄生蜂的寿命降低,但在质量和大小上没有发现差异。这项研究有助于更好地了解植物次生代谢物(例如参与植物-动物相互作用的咖啡因)如何影响初级消费者,如何对几代人的上层营养水平产生连锁反应,并可能改变多营养系统中的种间相互作用。表明这种生物碱和/或其作用可以通过营养水平传播并持续存在于食物链中。在以咖啡因喂养的宿主身上,寄生成功率降低了约 16%,在以咖啡因喂养的宿主身上发育的下一代寄生蜂的寿命降低,但在质量和大小上没有发现差异。这项研究有助于更好地了解植物次生代谢物(例如参与植物-动物相互作用的咖啡因)如何影响初级消费者,如何对几代人的上层营养水平产生连锁反应,并可能改变多营养系统中的种间相互作用。表明这种生物碱和/或其作用可以通过营养水平传播并持续存在于食物链中。在以咖啡因喂养的宿主身上,寄生成功率降低了约 16%,在以咖啡因喂养的宿主身上发育的下一代寄生蜂的寿命降低,但在质量和大小上没有发现差异。这项研究有助于更好地了解植物次生代谢物(例如参与植物-动物相互作用的咖啡因)如何影响初级消费者,如何对几代人的上层营养水平产生连锁反应,并可能改变多营养系统中的种间相互作用。在以咖啡因为食的宿主中发育的下一代寄生蜂的寿命降低,但在质量和大小上没有发现差异。这项研究有助于更好地了解植物次生代谢物(例如参与植物-动物相互作用的咖啡因)如何影响初级消费者,如何对几代人的上层营养水平产生连锁反应,并可能改变多营养系统中的种间相互作用。在以咖啡因为食的宿主中发育的下一代寄生蜂的寿命降低,但在质量和大小上没有发现差异。这项研究有助于更好地了解植物次生代谢物(例如参与植物-动物相互作用的咖啡因)如何影响初级消费者,如何对几代人的上层营养水平产生连锁反应,并可能改变多营养系统中的种间相互作用。

更新日期:2021-09-03
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