ABSTRACT

The Ophiostomatales (Ascomycota) accommodates more than 300 species characterized by similar morphological adaptations to arthropod dispersal. Most species in this order are wood-inhabiting fungi associated with bark or ambrosia beetles. However, a smaller group of species occur in other niches such as in soil and Protea infructescences. Recent surveys of Termitomyces fungus gardens (fungus combs) of fungus-growing termites led to the discovery of characteristic ophiostomatalean-like fruiting structures. In this study, these ophiostomatalean-like fungi were identified using morphological characteristics, conventional molecular markers, and whole genome sequencing. In addition, the influence of the extracts derived from various parts of Termitomyces combs on the growth of these fungi in culture was considered. Based on phylogenomic analyses, two new genera (Intubia and Chrysosphaeria) were introduced to accommodate these ophiostomatalean species. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the isolates resided in three well-supported lineages, and these were described as three new species (Intubia macrotermitinarum, I. oerlemansii, and Chrysosphaeria jan-nelii). Culture-based studies showed that these species do not depend on the Termitomyces comb material for growth.

摘要

Ophiostomatales (Ascomycota) 可容纳 300 多个物种，其特征在于对节肢动物传播的相似形态适应。此顺序中的大多数物种是与树皮或天竺葵有关的木栖真菌。然而，一小部分物种出现在其他生态位中，例如土壤和普罗蒂亚果序中。最近对真菌生长白蚁的Termitomyces真菌园（真菌梳）的调查导致发现了特征性的 ophiostomatalean 状结果结构。在这项研究中，使用形态特征、常规分子标记和全基因组测序鉴定了这些类似蛇口菌的真菌。此外，来自白蚁属各部分的提取物的影响考虑到这些真菌在培养物中的生长。根据系统基因组分析，引入了两个新属（Intubia和Chrysosphaeria）来适应这些蛇口属物种。系统发育分析表明，这些分离株存在于三个得到充分支持的谱系中，这些被描述为三个新物种（Intubia macrotermitinarum、I. oerlemansii和Chrysosphaeria jan-nelii）。基于培养的研究表明，这些物种的生长不依赖于Termitomyces梳状材料。