ABSTRACT

Russula (Russulales) is an important ectomycorrhizal fungal genus in Arctic and alpine regions where it occurs with Salix, Betula, Dryas, and Polygonum, yet a complex phylogenetic analysis of the genus in these habitats is lacking. This research compared collections of Russula from the Rocky Mountain alpine (Colorado, Montana, Wyoming) with reference specimens from Arctic and alpine habitats, mostly in Europe, using an in-depth morphological study and a phylogenetic analysis of the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS barcode) and the second largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II gene (rpb2). One hundred thirty-nine Russula collections were sequenced, including type material. Ten species are reported from alpine or treeline habitats in the Rocky Mountains. This is the first formal report of R. cf. altaica, R. saliceticola, and R. subrubens from the Rocky Mountains and of R. purpureofusca in North America. Russula laevis is reported for the first time under this name with a voucher, and not as an environmental sample. Previous reports of R. nana and R. laccata are molecularly confirmed. Two species are reported from subalpine habitats at treeline: R. montana with conifers and R. cf. altaica with Betula. In this study, R. laccata, R. subrubens, and R. laevis were collected in alpine habitats but have been reported below treeline in Europe; these species may also be present at lower elevations in North America. Most species have an intercontinental distribution and have been reported in other alpine or Arctic habitats. Two unidentified and potentially new species were only found in North America and are discussed. A key to the alpine Russulas of North America is provided.

摘要

红菇(Russulales) 是北极和高山地区重要的外生菌根真菌属，与柳属、桦木、木兰属和蓼属一起出现，但缺乏对这些生境中该属的复杂系统发育分析。本研究使用深入的形态学研究和 nuc rDNA 内部转录间隔区的系统发育分析，将来自落基山高山（科罗拉多州、蒙大拿州、怀俄明州）的红菇集合与来自北极和高山栖息地（主要位于欧洲）的参考标本进行了比较ITS1-5.8S-ITS2（ITS 条形码）和 RNA 聚合酶 II 基因 ( rpb2 )的第二大亚基。一百三十九红叶收藏品被排序，包括类型材料。据报道有十种来自落基山脉的高山或林线栖息地。这是R的第一份正式报告。参看。altaica、R. saliceticola和R. subrubens来自落基山脉和北美的R. purpureofusca 。Russula laevis首次以此名称与凭证一起报告，而不是作为环境样本。以前关于R. nana和R. laccata的报道在分子上得到了证实。据报道，在树线的亚高山栖息地有两个物种：R. montana with conifers 和R. montana 。参看。阿尔泰加_白桦。在这项研究中，R. laccata、R. subrubens和R. laevis在高山栖息地采集，但据报道在欧洲的树线以下；这些物种也可能存在于北美的低海拔地区。大多数物种具有洲际分布，并在其他高山或北极栖息地有报道。仅在北美发现了两个身份不明的潜在新物种并进行了讨论。提供了一把通往北美洲高山红菇的钥匙。