Pediatric cancer patients hold an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) due to their cancer. Central venous catheters (CVCs) further increase the VTE risk. This systematic literature review elucidates the VTE incidence in pediatric cancer patients with CVC. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched in August 2020 without time limits. We included studies reporting original data on patients ≤18 years with any CVC type and any cancer type, who were examined for VTE with ≥7 days follow-up. In total, 682 unique records were identified, whereof 189 studies were assessed in full text. Altogether, 25 studies were included, containing 2,318 pediatric cancer patients with CVC, of which 17% suffered VTE. Fifteen studies (n = 1,551) described CVC-related VTE and reported 11% CVC-related VTE. Concerning cancer type, 991 children suffered from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 616 from solid tumors. Meta-analysis revealed VTE incidence (95% confidence interval) of 21% (8–37) for ALL and 7% (0.1–17) for solid tumors. Additionally, 20% of children with tunneled or nontunneled CVC and 12% of children with implantable ports suffered VTE. In conclusion, pediatric cancer patients with CVC have substantial VTE risk. Children with ALL and CVC have higher VTE incidence than children with solid tumors and CVC. Implantable port catheter should be preferred over tunneled or nontunneled CVC to reduce VTE risk. Thrombophilia investigation does not seem relevant in pediatric cancer patients with CVC and VTE. To prevent VTE, intensified catheter care is recommended, especially in children with ALL.

小儿癌症患者因癌症而发生静脉血栓栓塞 (VTE) 的风险增加。中心静脉导管 (CVC) 进一步增加了 VTE 风险。本系统文献综述阐明了患有 CVC 的儿科癌症患者的 VTE 发病率。MEDLINE 和 EMBASE 检索于 2020 年 8 月，没有时间限制。我们纳入的研究报告了 ≤18 岁的任何 CVC 类型和任何癌症类型的患者的原始数据，这些患者接受了 ≥7 天的随访检查 VTE。总共确定了 682 条独特记录，其中 189 项研究进行了全文评估。总共纳入了 25 项研究，包含 2,318 名患有 CVC 的儿科癌症患者，其中 17% 患有 VTE。十五项研究（n = 1,551) 描述了 CVC 相关的 VTE，并报告了 11% 的 CVC 相关的 VTE。在癌症类型方面，991 名儿童患有急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL)，616 名儿童患有实体瘤。Meta 分析显示，ALL 的 VTE 发生率（95% 置信区间）为 21%（8-37），实体瘤为 7%（0.1-17）。此外，20% 的隧道式或非隧道式 CVC 的儿童和 12% 的植入式端口儿童患有 VTE。总之，患有 CVC 的儿科癌症患者有很大的 VTE 风险。ALL 和 CVC 患儿的 VTE 发病率高于实体瘤和 CVC 患儿。植入式端口导管应优先于隧道式或非隧道式 CVC，以降低 VTE 风险。血栓形成倾向调查似乎与患有 CVC 和 VTE 的儿科癌症患者无关。为预防 VTE，建议加强导管护理，