To reduce the preparation cost of superabsorbent composites (SACs) and improve the water and fertilizer retention properties of soil, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose grafted with acrylic acid, polyaspartic acid and palygorskite (HPMC-g-P(AA-co-PASP)/ATP) was synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization and used to reduce of preventing water leakage in soil. The structure, surface morphology and thermal stability of the optimized SACs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis. Under optimum synthesis conditions, the maximum equilibrium absorption of SACs was 1785 g·g⁻¹, 254 g·g⁻¹, 138 g·g⁻¹ in deionized water, tap water and NaCl solution (0.9 wt%) respectively. Application of the SACs to soils increased their water holding and water retention capacities. In addition, the reduced leaching of added urea and low water permeability of the treated soils indicated that the SACs has the potential for applications in future sustainable agriculture.

为降低超吸水复合材料（SACs）的制备成本，提高土壤保水保肥性能，羟丙基甲基纤维素接枝丙烯酸、聚天冬氨酸和坡缕石（HPMC- g- P（AA- co- PASP）/ATP）由水溶液聚合合成，用于减少土壤漏水。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和热重分析对优化后的 SAC 的结构、表面形貌和热稳定性进行了表征。在最佳合成条件下，SACs的最大平衡吸收量为1785 g·g ^-1、254 g·g ^-1、138 g·g ^-1分别在去离子水、自来水和 NaCl 溶液 (0.9 wt%) 中。SACs 在土壤中的应用增加了它们的持水和保水能力。此外，添加尿素的浸出减少和处理后土壤的低透水性表明 SAC 具有在未来可持续农业中的应用潜力。