Using the case of modern Greece, this article examines the long historical resonance and embattled legacy of state relations with bandits. Whilst there have been enduring debates about the motivations of bandits in the armed struggle for Greek liberation from Ottoman rule in the nineteenth century, their central role within that struggle is nevertheless widely acknowledged. After independence in 1832, bandit histories eventually became a core part of nationalist myths on which the modern Greek state staked its legitimacy. As this article contends, however, this stake was not unproblematic, and was not to go unchallenged. At notable junctures over the course of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, the Greek state faced counter-claims to these cherished tropes, when outlawed groups sought to present themselves as the authentic inheritors of the nationalist bandit mantle. This article thus draws attention to the potential for extended political reverberations over the ascription of bandit tropes and their significance in claims of legitimacy by political actors. In so doing, the paper offers a conceptual bridge over a divide commonly found between, on the one hand, studies of banditry, and, on the other, research on groups of outlaws that emerge over successive periods within the same geographic space.

中文翻译：

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不法之徒的麻烦：强盗、国家和希腊在 Longue Durée 的政治合法性

本文以现代希腊为例，考察了国家与土匪关系的长期历史共鸣和四面楚歌的遗产。虽然关于土匪在 19 世纪希腊从奥斯曼帝国统治下解放的武装斗争中的动机一直存在争论，但他们在这场斗争中的核心作用仍然得到广泛承认。1832 年独立后，土匪历史最终成为民族主义神话的核心部分，现代希腊国家将其合法性押在这些神话上。然而，正如本文所主张的，这种股权并非没有问题，也并非没有受到挑战。在 20 世纪和 21 世纪的重要时刻，希腊政府面临着对这些珍视的比喻的反诉，当被取缔的团体试图将自己展示为民族主义土匪地幔的真正继承者时。因此，本文提请注意对强盗比喻的归属及其在政治行为者声称合法性中的重要性的长期政治反响的可能性。在这样做的过程中，本文提供了一个概念桥梁，跨越了一种常见的鸿沟，一方面是对盗贼的研究，另一方面是对同一地理空间内连续时期出现的不法分子群体的研究。