In this work, a facile three-dimensional (3D) printing of a one-piece flexible capacitive pressure sensor array is proposed with simple, economical, and scalable fabrication characteristics. The printed capacitive pressure sensor array is composed of continuous carbon fiber electrodes in the network and assembly of porous polyurethane dielectric. Also, the 3D printing way confers the fabrication with the advantage of time-saving by eliminating the assembly of electrodes and the dielectric layer. Salt microparticles were utilized as a kind of sacrificial material to embed micropores into the elastic dielectric layer of thermoplastic polyurethane, and a bundle of continuous carbon fibers extruded from the 3D printer nozzle was employed as the sensor electrodes. The formed one-point pressure sensor was constructed at the intersection by the cross-printing path of the upper and lower layers. The microporosity structure in the dielectric led to the sensor containing more compression amplitude, thus increasing the effective dielectric constant under pressure so that the sensor (5.15 N^–1) with a 40% table salt content has a higher sensitivity than the unstructured sensor (0.32 N^–1). Furthermore, the sensor exhibited a fast response/recovery time (60/80 ms), good stability (over 1000 cycles), and magnificent pressure resolution. Several one-point pressure sensors in the regular array were printed in one piece to be able to detect some distributed compression pressures. Thus, in the end, the sensor array was fixed to human joints such as fingers, knees, and elbows to collect limb motion signals and demonstrated potential application in the field of human motion detection.

中文翻译：

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碳纤维电极和多孔聚氨酯电介质夹层组装网络中柔性电容式压力传感器阵列的三维打印

在这项工作中，提出了一种具有简单、经济和可扩展制造特性的一体式柔性电容压力传感器阵列的简便 3D (3D) 打印。印刷电容式压力传感器阵列由网络中的连续碳纤维电极和多孔聚氨酯电介质组件组成。此外，3D打印方式通过消除电极和介电层的组装，赋予制造省时的优势。盐微粒被用作一种牺牲材料，将微孔嵌入热塑性聚氨酯的弹性介电层中，并将一束从 3D 打印机喷嘴挤出的连续碳纤维用作传感器电极。形成的单点压力传感器通过上下层的交叉印刷路径在交叉点处构建。电介质中的微孔结构导致传感器包含更多的压缩幅度，从而增加了压力下的有效介电常数，使传感器（5.15 N^–1 ) 具有 40% 食盐含量比非结构化传感器 (0.32 N ^–1 )具有更高的灵敏度。此外，该传感器具有快速响应/恢复时间（60/80 ms）、良好的稳定性（超过 1000 次循环）和出色的压力分辨率。规则阵列中的几个单点压力传感器被打印成一件，以便能够检测一些分布式压缩压力。因此，最终将传感器阵列固定在手指、膝盖和肘部等人体关节上以收集肢体运动信号，并展示了在人体运动检测领域的潜在应用。