Skin necrosis is the most serious complication of flap plastic surgery, which means the failure of the operation. Systemic administration rarely benefits the local area and can lead to side effects, while topical administration has poor permeability due to the skin barrier function. Currently, few of these common medical interventions can totally respond to the blood supply of the skin after surgery. Herein, a soluble microneedle (MN) patch made of hyaluronic acid was used to target the ischemic area in a painless and precise manner for transdermal drug delivery. Based on the important role of nitric oxide (NO) in angiogenesis, the thermosensitive NO donor (BNN6) and gold nanorods (GNRs) acting as photothermal agents were introduced into the microneedles (MNs). The hyperthermia induced by GNRs under near infrared (NIR, 808 nm) irradiation could enhance the penetration of drugs and facilitate NO release from BNN6. A series of corresponding experiments proved that the system played a significant promotion role in vascular regeneration, providing a painless, precise and NO-assisted treatment method for the ischemic perforator flaps.

中文翻译：

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具有光热和 NO 释放特性的可溶性微针贴片，用于无痛和精确治疗缺血性穿支皮瓣

皮肤坏死是皮瓣整形手术最严重的并发症，即手术失败。全身给药很少对局部有益并且可能导致副作用，而局部给药由于皮肤屏障功能而渗透性差。目前，这些常见的医疗干预措施中很少有能够完全响应手术后皮肤的血液供应。在此，一种由透明质酸制成的可溶性微针 (MN) 贴片被用于以无痛和精确的方式靶向缺血区域进行透皮给药。基于一氧化氮（NO）在血管生成中的重要作用，将作为光热剂的热敏NO供体（BNN6）和金纳米棒（GNR）引入微针（MN）中。GNR 在近红外 (NIR, 808 nm) 照射可以增强药物的渗透性并促进 BNN6 释放 NO。一系列相应的实验证明，该系统对血管再生具有显着的促进作用，为缺血性穿支皮瓣提供了一种无痛、精准、NO辅助的治疗方法。