The current study investigates the flow of viscous nanofluids over the stretching surface with variable thickness in the presence of heterogeneous and homogeneous reactions. Comparison is made for water-based nanofluids with copper (Cu), silver (Ag), copper oxide (CuO), aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), and titanium oxide (TiO₂) as nanoparticles. The heat transfer phenomenon is characterized by nonlinear thermal radiation. The formulation of the model consists of partial differential equations with convective boundary conditions, which are converted into ordinary differential equations with the help of boundary layer approximation. The convergent series solution is computed with the help of an efficient analytical method, namely the Optimal Homotopy technique. For the validation of the suggested approach, the convergence of the obtained results is illustrated for different values of involved parameters. Moreover, residual errors for the varied number of terms in the derived series solution are displayed graphically. To validate the accuracy of the present results, a comparison with previously published results is presented. The influence of various variables on the velocity profile, the distribution profiles of temperature, and concentration is graphically discussed. Heat transfer rate (or local Nusselt number) and skin friction coefficient are estimated through the Tables. It is observed that temperature rises for higher radiation parameter and the temperature of aluminum oxide nanofluid is more because of its higher thermal conductivity as compared to other four nanoparticles. The study also reveals that with an improvement in the volume fraction of nanoparticles, the degree of the heat transfer rate and the coefficient of skin friction also increases.

目前的研究调查了在存在非均相和均相反应的情况下粘性纳米流体在具有可变厚度的拉伸表面上的流动。将水基纳米流体与铜 (Cu)、银 (Ag)、氧化铜 (CuO)、氧化铝 (Al ₂ O ₃ ) 和氧化钛 (TiO ₂) 作为纳米粒子。传热现象的特点是非线性热辐射。该模型的公式由具有对流边界条件的偏微分方程组成，在边界层逼近的帮助下将其转换为常微分方程。收敛级数解是在一种有效的分析方法的帮助下计算的，即最优同伦技术。为了验证所建​​议的方法，对所涉及参数的不同值说明了所获得结果的收敛性。此外，导出级数解中不同项数的残差以图形方式显示。为了验证当前结果的准确性，提供了与以前发布的结果的比较。以图形方式讨论了各种变量对速度剖面、温度分布剖面和浓度的影响。传热率（或局部努塞尔数）和皮肤摩擦系数通过表估算。观察到更高的辐射参数温度升高，并且氧化铝纳米流体的温度更高，因为与其他四种纳米粒子相比，其具有更高的热导率。研究还表明，随着纳米颗粒体积分数的提高，传热速率和皮肤摩擦系数也随之增加。观察到更高的辐射参数温度升高，并且氧化铝纳米流体的温度更高，因为与其他四种纳米粒子相比，其具有更高的热导率。研究还表明，随着纳米颗粒体积分数的提高，传热速率和皮肤摩擦系数也随之增加。观察到更高的辐射参数温度升高，并且氧化铝纳米流体的温度更高，因为与其他四种纳米粒子相比，其具有更高的热导率。研究还表明，随着纳米颗粒体积分数的提高，传热速率和皮肤摩擦系数也随之增加。