Background Burkina Faso, a country in Africa’s meningitis belt, introduced 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in October 2013, with 3 primary doses given at 8, 12 and 16 weeks of age. To assess whether the new PCV13 program controlled pneumococcal carriage, we evaluated overall and serotype-specific colonization among children and adults during the first 3 years after introduction. Methods We conducted 2 population-based, cross-sectional, age-stratified surveys in 2015 and 2017 in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso. We used standardized questionnaires to collect sociodemographic, epidemiologic, and vaccination data. Consenting eligible participants provided nasopharyngeal (all ages) and oropharyngeal (≥5 years only) swab specimens. Swab specimens were plated onto blood agar either directly (2015) or after broth enrichment (2017). Pneumococci were serotyped by conventional multiplex polymerase chain reaction. We assessed vaccine effect by comparing the proportion of vaccine-type (VT) carriage among colonized individuals from a published baseline survey (2008) with each post-PCV survey. Results We recruited 992 (2015) and 1005 (2017) participants. Among children aged <5 years, 42.8% (2015) and 74.0% (2017) received ≥2 PCV13 doses. Among pneumococcal carriers aged <1 year, VT carriage declined from 55.8% in 2008 to 36.9% in 2017 (difference, 18.9%; 95% confidence interval, 1.9%–35.9%; P = .03); among carriers aged 1–4 years, VT carriage declined from 55.3% to 31.8% (difference, 23.5%; 6.8%–40.2%; P = .004); and among participants aged ≥5 years, no significant change was observed. Conclusion Within 3 years of PCV13 implementation in Burkina Faso, we documented substantial reductions in the percentage of pneumococcal carriers with a VT among children aged <5 years, but not among persons aged ≥5 years. More time, a change in the PCV13 schedule, or both, may be needed to better control pneumococcal carriage in this setting.

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引入 13 价肺炎球菌结合疫苗后布基纳法索的肺炎球菌携带情况：2 项基于人群的横断面调查结果

背景 非洲脑膜炎带国家布基纳法索于 2013 年 10 月推出了 13 价肺炎球菌结合疫苗 (PCV13)，在 8、12 和 16 周龄时接种了 3 剂初级剂量。为了评估新的 PCV13 程序是否控制肺炎球菌携带，我们评估了引入后前 3 年儿童和成人的总体和血清型特异性定植。方法 我们于 2015 年和 2017 年在 Bobo-Dioulasso 市进行了 2 次基于人群的横断面年龄分层调查。我们使用标准化问卷收集社会人口学、流行病学和疫苗接种数据。同意的合格参与者提供鼻咽（所有年龄）和口咽（仅≥5 岁）拭子样本。将拭子样本直接（2015 年）或在肉汤浓缩后（2017 年）接种到血琼脂上。通过常规的多重聚合酶链反应对肺炎球菌进行血清分型。我们通过比较已发表的基线调查（2008 年）与每次 PCV 后调查的定植个体中疫苗类型 (VT) 携带的比例来评估疫苗效果。结果 我们招募了 992 名（2015 年）和 1005 名（2017 年）参与者。在 5 岁以下的儿童中，42.8%（2015 年）和 74.0%（2017 年）接受了 ≥2 剂 PCV13。在年龄小于 1 岁的肺炎球菌携带者中，VT 携带率从 2008 年的 55.8% 下降到 2017 年的 36.9%（差异，18.9%；95% 置信区间，1.9%–35.9%；P = .03）；在 1-4 岁的携带者中，VT 携带率从 55.3% 下降到 31.8%（差异，23.5%；6.8%–40.2%；P = .004）；在 ≥ 5 岁的参与者中，未观察到显着变化。结论 在布基纳法索实施 PCV13 的 3 年内，我们记录了 5 岁以下儿童中出现 VT 的肺炎球菌携带者百分比显着降低，但 5 岁以上人群中没有。在这种情况下，可能需要更多时间、改变 PCV13 时间表或两者兼而有之，以更好地控制肺炎球菌的携带。