As the production of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) expands, so might the potential for their release into the environment. Accurate risk assessment of ENMs in the environment is important for sustainable development and application of nanotechnologies. Nanodiamonds (NDs) occupy a special niche among ENMs and are ENMs at high risk of entering the environment. We evaluated interactions between NDs and a broad range of soils (retisols, phaeozems, chernozems, kastanozems, and solonetz) using tritium-labeled nanoparticles. The retention of NDs by the soils due to both binding to the solid phase of the soil and aggregation in the presence of soil solutes varied from 9.6 to 87.1 mg kg⁻¹. Additionally, the effect of soil water-extractable components on NDs was studied in terms of alleviation of their size and ζ-potential. An increase in hydrodynamic diameter and a decrease in absolute value of the ζ-potential were observed in all cases except for solonetz where ζ-potential decreased from −22 to −34 mV. Data on deposition of NDs and their colloidal characteristics in the presence of soil solutes were statistically analyzed, which revealed leading factors governing retention of NDs by soil – ζ-potential of NDs in soil water-extracts and the presence of water-extractable Fe and Si. An abnormally low retention of NDs in solonetz was discovered and we hypothesize a key role of sodium as a peptizing agent.

中文翻译：

---

土壤对爆炸纳米金刚石的保留：氚标记纳米颗粒的使用和水可萃取铁和硅的关键作用

随着工程纳米材料 (ENM) 的生产不断扩大，它们释放到环境中的可能性也可能增加。环境中ENMs的准确风险评估对于纳米技术的可持续发展和应用具有重要意义。纳米金刚石 (NDs) 在 ENMs 中占有特殊的位置，是进入环境的高风险 ENMs。我们使用氚标记的纳米粒子评估了 NDs 与各种土壤（retisols、phaeozems、黑钙土、kastanozems 和 solonetz）之间的相互作用。由于与土壤固相结合和在土壤溶质存在下聚集，土壤对 ND 的保留从 9.6 到 87.1 mg kg ^-1不等。此外，还研究了土壤水可提取成分对 NDs 的影响，包括减轻它们的大小和ζ -电位。除了 solonetz 之外，在所有情况下都观察到流体动力学直径的增加和ζ电位绝对值的减小，其中ζ电位从 -22 mV 降低到 -34 mV。对土壤溶质存在下 NDs 的沉积及其胶体特征的数据进行了统计分析，揭示了控制 NDs 被土壤保留的主要因素 -土壤水提取物中 NDs 的ζ电位以及可水提取的 Fe 和 Si 的存在. 发现在 solonetz 中 NDs 的保留率异常低，我们假设钠作为胶溶剂的关键作用。