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Grassland bird diversity and abundance in the presence of native and non-native grazers
Avian Conservation and Ecology ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-02 , DOI: 10.5751/ace-01944-160213
Andy J. Boyce , Hila Shamon , Kyran E. Kunkel , William J. McShea

Temperate grassland biomes are globally imperiled, and grassland birds are in precipitous decline as a result. The majority of North America's grassland birds breed on rangelands occupied by domestic cattle, but reintroductions of bison to restore evolutionary grazing patterns are increasingly common. Grassland landscapes in western North America have undergone drastic changes since millions of bison occupied this landscape, and the biodiversity effects of bison on modern rangelands remain poorly understood. Here, we test the biodiversity effects of native versus non-native grazers in the context of a highly diverse grassland bird community on the Northern Great Plains of North America. We compared the effects of 2 different grazing treatments common across the region on avian diversity: seasonally grazed and manually rotated domestic cattle, and year-round, free-moving bison. We also test whether estimated abundances of 11 grassland/steppe obligate songbirds differ between these two management regimes. We found roughly equivalent bird diversity, as measured by species richness and Shannon's diversity index, at sites occupied year-round by bison and seasonally by cattle. We also found no significant effect of grazer type on 9 of 11 grassland songbird species. The two exceptions were Grasshopper Sparrow and Vesper Sparrow, which were more abundant in bison pastures. Our results suggest that both native and non-native grazers can create habitat for a highly diverse assemblage of grassland birds under grazer-specific management regimes.

中文翻译:

在本地和非本地食草动物存在下的草原鸟类多样性和丰度

温带草原生物群落在全球范围内受到威胁,草原鸟类因此急剧减少。大多数北美草原鸟类在被家牛占据的牧场上繁殖,但重新引入野牛以恢复进化放牧模式越来越普遍。北美西部的草原景观发生了巨大变化,因为数百万野牛占据了这片土地,而野牛对现代牧场的生物多样性影响仍然知之甚少。在这里,我们在北美大平原北部高度多样化的草原鸟类群落的背景下测试了本地与非本地食草动物对生物多样性的影响。我们比较了该地区常见的 2 种不同放牧处理对鸟类多样性的影响:季节性放牧和手动轮换家养牛,和全年自由活动的野牛。我们还测试了这两种管理制度之间 11 种草原/草原专性鸣禽的估计丰度是否不同。我们发现,根据物种丰富度和香农多样性指数,在全年被野牛和季节性被牛占据的地点,鸟类多样性大致相当。我们还发现食草动物类型对 11 种草原鸣禽中的 9 种没有显着影响。两个例外是 Grasshopper Sparrow 和 Vesper Sparrow,它们在野牛牧场中更为丰富。我们的研究结果表明,本地和非本地食草动物都可以在特定于食草动物的管理制度下为高度多样化的草原鸟类组合创造栖息地。我们还测试了这两种管理制度之间 11 种草原/草原专性鸣禽的估计丰度是否不同。我们发现,根据物种丰富度和香农多样性指数,在全年被野牛和季节性被牛占据的地点,鸟类多样性大致相当。我们还发现食草动物类型对 11 种草原鸣禽中的 9 种没有显着影响。两个例外是 Grasshopper Sparrow 和 Vesper Sparrow,它们在野牛牧场中更为丰富。我们的研究结果表明,本地和非本地食草动物都可以在特定于食草动物的管理制度下为高度多样化的草原鸟类组合创造栖息地。我们还测试了这两种管理制度之间 11 种草原/草原专性鸣禽的估计丰度是否不同。我们发现,根据物种丰富度和香农多样性指数,在全年被野牛和季节性被牛占据的地点,鸟类多样性大致相当。我们还发现食草动物类型对 11 种草原鸣禽中的 9 种没有显着影响。两个例外是 Grasshopper Sparrow 和 Vesper Sparrow,它们在野牛牧场中更为丰富。我们的研究结果表明,本地和非本地食草动物都可以在特定于食草动物的管理制度下为高度多样化的草原鸟类组合创造栖息地。我们还发现食草动物类型对 11 种草原鸣禽中的 9 种没有显着影响。两个例外是 Grasshopper Sparrow 和 Vesper Sparrow,它们在野牛牧场中更为丰富。我们的研究结果表明,本地和非本地食草动物都可以在特定于食草动物的管理制度下为高度多样化的草原鸟类组合创造栖息地。我们还发现食草动物类型对 11 种草原鸣禽中的 9 种没有显着影响。两个例外是 Grasshopper Sparrow 和 Vesper Sparrow,它们在野牛牧场中更为丰富。我们的研究结果表明,本地和非本地食草动物都可以在特定于食草动物的管理制度下为高度多样化的草原鸟类组合创造栖息地。
更新日期:2021-09-02
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