Impaired bone healing occurs in 5–10% of cases following injury, leading to a significant economic and clinical impact. While an inflammatory response upon injury is necessary to facilitate healing, its resolution is critical for bone tissue repair as elevated acute or chronic inflammation is associated with impaired healing in patients and animal models. This process is governed by important crosstalk between immune cells through mediators that contribute to resolution of inflammation in the local healing environment. Approaches modulating the initial inflammatory phase followed by its resolution leads to a pro-regenerative environment for bone regeneration. In this review, we discuss the role of inflammation in bone repair, the negative impact of dysregulated inflammation on bone tissue regeneration, and how timely resolution of inflammation is necessary to achieve normal healing. We will discuss applications of biomaterials to treat large bone defects with a specific focus on resolution of inflammation to modulate the immune environment following bone injury, and their observed functional benefits. We conclude the review by discussing future strategies that could lead to the realization of anti-inflammatory therapeutics for bone tissue repair.

受伤后 5-10% 的病例发生骨愈合受损，从而产生重大的经济和临床影响。虽然损伤后的炎症反应对于促进愈合是必要的，但它的消退对于骨组织修复至关重要，因为升高的急性或慢性炎症与患者和动物模型的愈合受损有关。这个过程由免疫细胞之间的重要串扰通过介质控制，这些介质有助于解决局部愈合环境中的炎症。调节初始炎症阶段及其消退的方法导致骨再生的促再生环境。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了炎症在骨修复中的作用，炎症失调对骨组织再生的负面影响，以及如何及时解决炎症是实现正常愈合所必需的。我们将讨论生物材料在治疗大骨缺损中的应用，特别关注炎症的消退以调节骨损伤后的免疫环境，以及观察到的功能益处。我们通过讨论可能导致实现骨组织修复的抗炎疗法的未来策略来结束审查。