The electromechanical properties of piezoelectric materials can be modified for some specific applications, e.g., hydrophone sensing applications, by incorporating a controlled porosity into them. This work investigates the effective moduli of a newly developed piezoelectric composite, fabricated using a novel approach, in which micro-and nanoparticles of specific metals or stiffer polymers were added to pore-forming agents and transported into ceramic matrices. This technique results in a porous piezocomposite with a metalized pore boundary. According to Newnham’s classification, it is a three-phase piezocomposite with connectivity 3–0–0. We considered a simple unit cell model composing of a cube of the piezoceramic material with a compound spherical pore at its center. The compound pore consists of a spherical vacuum pore and a spherical layer on its boundary. The spherical layer models the material deposited at the interface between the piezoceramic matrix and the pore. Based on the characteristics of this spherical layer, we studied porous piezocomposite with mechanically weak electrically conductive, mechanically hard dielectric, and mechanically hard electrically conductive pore surface. We assumed that this spherical layer is filled with a piezoelectric material. Very high dielectric permittivity moduli simulate the electrical conductivity, very high elastic stiffness moduli modulate the mechanical rigidity, while the piezoelectric moduli are negligible. We developed specific algorithms in ANSYS APDL to calculate the effective moduli of different composites understudy using the finite element method and the theory of effective moduli, considering the Hill–Mandel principle for energy conservation, under certain essential boundary conditions. Our simple unit cell model used for the main calculations was analogous to the model of the corresponding periodic composite. The findings of this basic model were also compared to a more complicated 3–0 random porosity composite model. We confirmed that the effective moduli versus porosity trends in both models are similar. We verified the numerical expectations by studying analytically the homogenization problem of an isotropic dielectric composite. The findings of this work confirm that the effective moduli of the developed piezocomposites significantly depend on the characteristics of material deposited between the piezoceramic and pore phases. The results of this study suggest that there may be several functional applications for these new piezocomposites.

通过在压电材料中加入受控孔隙率，可以针对某些特定应用（例如水听器传感应用）修改压电材料的机电特性。这项工作研究了使用新方法制造的新开发的压电复合材料的有效模量，其中将特定金属或更硬聚合物的微米和纳米粒子添加到成孔剂中并传输到陶瓷基质中。该技术产生具有金属化孔隙边界的多孔压电复合材料。根据 Newnham 的分类，它是一种三相压电复合材料，连通性为 3-0-0。我们考虑了一个简单的晶胞模型，它由压电陶瓷材料的立方体组成，其中心有一个复合球形孔。复合孔由球形真空孔和其边界上的球形层组成。球形层模拟沉积在压电陶瓷基体和孔之间界面处的材料。基于该球形层的特性，我们研究了具有机械弱导电、机械硬电介质和机械硬导电孔表面的多孔压电复合材料。我们假设这个球形层填充有压电材料。非常高的介电常数模量模拟电导率，非常高的弹性刚度模量调节机械刚度，而压电模量可以忽略不计。我们在 ANSYS APDL 中开发了特定算法，使用有限元方法和有效模量理论计算不同复合材料的有效模量，考虑到能量守恒的 Hill-Mandel 原理，在某些基本边界条件下。我们用于主要计算的简单晶胞模型类似于相应的周期性复合模型。该基本模型的结果还与更复杂的 3-0 随机孔隙率复合模型进行了比较。我们确认两种模型中的有效模量与孔隙率趋势相似。我们通过分析研究各向同性介电复合材料的均匀化问题来验证数值预期。这项工作的结果证实，所开发的压电复合材料的有效模量显着取决于沉积在压电陶瓷和孔相之间的材料的特性。这项研究的结果表明，这些新型压电复合材料可能有多种功能应用。