The antiviral properties of nanocarbons namely, carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), hybrid GO-CNT, rGO-CNT and CNTs functionalized with carboxylic (CNT-COOH), phenol (CNT-phenol), silver (CNT-Ag) are presented. Escherichia coli MS2 bacteriophage was the model virus. All the nanocarbons showed antiviral activities and the activity increased with increase in concentration. CNT-phenol showed the highest antiviral activity (97.1%) at 0.3mg/mL followed by CNT-Ag (90%), GO-CNT (85.5%), rGO-CNT (83.5%), CNT-COOH (82.5%), CNT (78%), GO (45.6%) and rGO (39.5%) at the same concentration. At 0.05 mg/ml, compared to pure CNTs, those functionalized with silver and phenol showed 270% and 200% higher removal efficiencies respectively. GO and rGO were less efficient by themselves, but with the CNTs, namely GO-CNT and rGO-CNT, their activities enhanced by factors of 650 and 950% respectively. The antiviral activity of the nanocarbons was quantified based on both the concentration of nanocarbons needed to reach a 50 percent deactivation (LD₅₀) and the rate of deactivation. CNT-Phenol was the most effective antiviral nanocarbon studied here, it’s LD₅₀ was 1400 times lower than the pure CNTs even though it had similar rate of deactivation as the latter, The antiviral efficiency of GO and rGO were relatively lower compared to the other nanocarbons, however they improved by 92% and 89% for GO and rGO when combined with the CNTs in a hybrid form. From the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, it was observed that the CNTs entangled the viruses which probably led to physical damage to their structure while the functional groups attached to CNTs such as phenol and Ag further enhanced toxicity due to their own properties.

纳米碳的抗病毒特性，即碳纳米管 (CNT)、氧化石墨烯 (GO)、还原氧化石墨烯 (rGO)、混合 GO-CNT、rGO-CNT 和用羧基 (CNT-COOH)、苯酚 (CNT-苯酚) 功能化的碳纳米管), 银 (CNT-Ag) 出现。大肠杆菌MS2噬菌体是模型病毒。所有的纳米碳都显示出抗病毒活性，并且活性随着浓度的增加而增加。CNT-苯酚在 0.3mg/mL 时表现出最高的抗病毒活性 (97.1%)，其次是 CNT-Ag (90%)、GO-CNT (85.5%)、rGO-CNT (83.5%)、CNT-COOH (82.5%) , CNT (78%), GO (45.6%) 和 rGO (39.5%) 在相同的浓度。在 0.05 mg/ml 时，与纯碳纳米管相比，用银和苯酚官能化的碳纳米管的去除效率分别提高了 270% 和 200%。GO 和 rGO 本身效率较低，但使用 CNT，即 GO-CNT 和 rGO-CNT，它们的活性分别提高了 650% 和 950%。纳米碳的抗病毒活性根据达到 50% 失活所需的纳米碳浓度 (LD ₅₀) 和失活率。CNT-Phenol 是这里研究的最有效的抗病毒纳米碳，它的 LD ₅₀比纯 CNT 低 1400 倍，尽管它具有与后者相似的失活率，GO 和 rGO 的抗病毒效率与其他纳米碳相比相对较低然而，当与混合形式的 CNT 结合时，GO 和 rGO 的性能提高了 92% 和 89%。从透射电子显微镜 (TEM) 分析中观察到，碳纳米管与病毒缠结在一起，这可能导致对其结构的物理损伤，而附着在碳纳米管上的官能团如苯酚和银由于其自身的特性而进一步增强了毒性。