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Multiple pathways of alveolar macrophage death contribute to pulmonary inflammation induced by silica nanoparticles
Nanotoxicology ( IF 5 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-01 , DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.1969461
Eun-Jung Park 1, 2, 3 , Min-Sung Kang 3, 4 , Seung-Woo Jin 3 , Tae Geol Lee 5 , Gwang-Hee Lee 6 , Dong-Wan Kim 6 , Eun-Woo Lee 7, 8 , Junhee Park 9 , Inhee Choi 9 , Youngmi Kim Pak 2, 10
Affiliation  

Abstract

In our previous study, 20 nm-sized amorphous silica nanoparticles (20-SiNPs), but not 50 nm-sized amorphous silica nanoparticles (50-SiNPs), induced pulmonary inflammatory response in rats exposed repeatedly for 14 days (12.5, 25, and 50 μg/time, total six times). In this study, we tried to clarify the causes of different responses induced by both SiNPs using mice (12.5, 25, and 50 μg/lung) and mouse alveolar macrophage cells. When exposed to alveolar macrophage cells for 24 h, both SiNPs decreased cell viability and enhanced ROS generation compared to controls. The 20- and 50-SiNPs also formed giant and autophagosome-like vacuoles in the cytoplasm, respectively. Structural damage of organelles was more pronounced in 20-SiNPs-treated cells than in 50-SiNPs-treated cells, and an increased mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial calcium accumulation were observed only in the 20-SiNPs-treated cells. Additionally, a single intratracheal instillation of both sizes of SiNPs to mice clearly elevated the relative proportion of neutrophils and inhibited differentiation of macrophages and expression of an adhesion molecule. Meanwhile, interestingly, the total number of pulmonary cells and the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators more notably increased in the lungs of mice exposed to 20-SiNPs compared to 50-SiNPs. Given that accumulation of giant vacuoles and dilation of the ER and mitochondria are key indicators of paraptosis, we suggest that 20-SiNPs-induced pulmonary inflammation may be associated with paraptosis of alveolar macrophages.



中文翻译:

肺泡巨噬细胞死亡的多种途径有助于二氧化硅纳米粒子诱导的肺部炎症

摘要

在我们之前的研究中,20 nm 尺寸的无定形二氧化硅纳米粒子 (20-SiNPs),但不是 50 nm 尺寸的无定形二氧化硅纳米粒子 (50-SiNPs),在反复暴露 14 天(12.5、25 和50 μg/次,共六次)。在本研究中,我们试图阐明使用小鼠(12.5、25 和 50 μg/肺)和小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞引起的两种 SiNPs 诱导的不同反应的原因。当暴露于肺泡巨噬细胞 24 小时时,与对照相比,两种 SiNP 均降低了细胞活力并增强了 ROS 的产生。20-和 50-SiNPs 也分别在细胞质中形成巨大的和自噬体样的空泡。细胞器的结构损伤在 20-SiNPs 处理的细胞中比在 50-SiNPs 处理的细胞中更明显,并且仅在 20-SiNPs 处理的细胞中观察到线粒体膜电位和线粒体钙积累增加。此外,将两种大小的 SiNP 单次气管内滴注到小鼠身上,明显提高了中性粒细胞的相对比例,并抑制了巨噬细胞的分化和粘附分子的表达。同时,有趣的是,与 50-SiNPs 相比,暴露于 20-SiNPs 的小鼠肺部的肺细胞总数和促炎介质水平显着增加。鉴于巨大空泡的积累和 ER 和线粒体的扩张是截肢的关键指标,我们认为 20-SiNPs 诱导的肺部炎症可能与肺泡巨噬细胞的截肢有关。将两种大小的 SiNP 单次气管内滴注到小鼠身上,明显提高了中性粒细胞的相对比例,并抑制了巨噬细胞的分化和粘附分子的表达。同时,有趣的是,与 50-SiNPs 相比,暴露于 20-SiNPs 的小鼠肺部的肺细胞总数和促炎介质水平显着增加。鉴于巨大空泡的积累和 ER 和线粒体的扩张是截肢的关键指标,我们认为 20-SiNPs 诱导的肺部炎症可能与肺泡巨噬细胞的截肢有关。将两种大小的 SiNP 单次气管内滴注到小鼠身上,明显提高了中性粒细胞的相对比例,并抑制了巨噬细胞的分化和粘附分子的表达。同时,有趣的是,与 50-SiNPs 相比,暴露于 20-SiNPs 的小鼠肺部的肺细胞总数和促炎介质水平显着增加。鉴于巨大空泡的积累和 ER 和线粒体的扩张是截肢的关键指标,我们认为 20-SiNPs 诱导的肺部炎症可能与肺泡巨噬细胞的截肢有关。有趣的是,与 50-SiNPs 相比,暴露于 20-SiNPs 的小鼠肺部的肺细胞总数和促炎介质水平显着增加。鉴于巨大空泡的积累和 ER 和线粒体的扩张是截肢的关键指标,我们认为 20-SiNPs 诱导的肺部炎症可能与肺泡巨噬细胞的截肢有关。有趣的是,与 50-SiNPs 相比,暴露于 20-SiNPs 的小鼠肺部的肺细胞总数和促炎介质水平显着增加。鉴于巨大空泡的积累和 ER 和线粒体的扩张是截肢的关键指标,我们认为 20-SiNPs 诱导的肺部炎症可能与肺泡巨噬细胞的截肢有关。

更新日期:2021-10-24
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