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The convoluted history of haem biosynthesis
Biological Reviews ( IF 10.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-02 , DOI: 10.1111/brv.12794
Luděk Kořený 1 , Miroslav Oborník 2, 3 , Eva Horáková 2 , Ross F Waller 1 , Julius Lukeš 2, 3
Affiliation  

The capacity of haem to transfer electrons, bind diatomic gases, and catalyse various biochemical reactions makes it one of the essential biomolecules on Earth and one that was likely used by the earliest forms of cellular life. Since the description of haem biosynthesis, our understanding of this multi-step pathway has been almost exclusively derived from a handful of model organisms from narrow taxonomic contexts. Recent advances in genome sequencing and functional studies of diverse and previously neglected groups have led to discoveries of alternative routes of haem biosynthesis that deviate from the ‘classical’ pathway. In this review, we take an evolutionarily broad approach to illuminate the remarkable diversity and adaptability of haem synthesis, from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, showing the range of strategies that organisms employ to obtain and utilise haem. In particular, the complex evolutionary histories of eukaryotes that involve multiple endosymbioses and horizontal gene transfers are reflected in the mosaic origin of numerous metabolic pathways with haem biosynthesis being a striking case. We show how different evolutionary trajectories and distinct life strategies resulted in pronounced tensions and differences in the spatial organisation of the haem biosynthesis pathway, in some cases leading to a complete loss of a haem-synthesis capacity and, rarely, even loss of a requirement for haem altogether.

中文翻译:

血红素生物合成的复杂历史

血红素转移电子、结合双原子气体和催化各种生化反应的能力使其成为地球上必不可少的生物分子之一,并且可能被最早的细胞生命形式使用。自从描述血红素生物合成以来,我们对这种多步骤途径的理解几乎完全来自于来自狭窄分类学背景的少数模式生物。基因组测序和对先前被忽视的不同群体的功能研究的最新进展导致发现了偏离“经典”途径的血红素生物合成替代途径。在这篇综述中,我们采用进化上广泛的方法来阐明血红素合成的显着多样性和适应性,从原核生物到真核生物,显示生物体获取和利用血红素的一系列策略。特别是,涉及多种内共生和水平基因转移的真核生物复杂的进化历史反映在众多代谢途径的镶嵌起源中,血红素生物合成是一个引人注目的案例。我们展示了不同的进化轨迹和不同的生活策略如何导致血红素生物合成途径的空间组织出现明显的紧张和差异,在某些情况下导致血红素合成能力的完全丧失,甚至在极少数情况下甚至失去对血红素合成能力的需求。血统。涉及多种内共生和水平基因转移的真核生物复杂的进化历史反映在众多代谢途径的镶嵌起源中,其中血红素生物合成是一个引人注目的案例。我们展示了不同的进化轨迹和不同的生活策略如何导致血红素生物合成途径的空间组织出现明显的紧张和差异,在某些情况下导致血红素合成能力的完全丧失,甚至在极少数情况下甚至失去对血红素合成能力的需求。血统。涉及多种内共生和水平基因转移的真核生物复杂的进化历史反映在众多代谢途径的镶嵌起源中,其中血红素生物合成是一个引人注目的案例。我们展示了不同的进化轨迹和不同的生活策略如何导致血红素生物合成途径的空间组织出现明显的紧张和差异,在某些情况下导致血红素合成能力的完全丧失,甚至在极少数情况下甚至失去对血红素合成能力的需求。血统。
更新日期:2021-09-02
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