Organic solar cells (OSCs) have been considered as a promising, cost-effective alternative to the silicon-based solar cells due to their light weight, mechanical flexibility, and easy fabrication features. Over the past decades, organic semiconducting materials have been developed rapidly for use in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) OSCs. Among them, porphyrin-based small molecules have been widely applied as electron donors and electron acceptors in BHJ OSCs due to their large conjugated planar structures and strong UV-visible and near-infrared absorption. In this short review article, we mainly focus on summarizing the recent progress of the rational design of push–pull porphyrin-based small molecules for BHJ OSC applications. After various structural developments, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of porphyrin-based small molecules as electron donors in OSCs have exceeded 12%. Apart from that, a PCE of 9.6% has been recorded for a device based on a porphyrin electron acceptor. This paper will provide a good insight into the structure–performance correlation and molecular engineering strategies of porphyrin-based small molecules in a stepwise manner.

中文翻译：

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基于卟啉的 π 扩展小分子作为高性能有机太阳能电池的供体和受体的最新概述

有机太阳能电池 (OSC) 因其重量轻、机械柔韧性好和易于制造的特点而被认为是硅基太阳能电池的一种有前途的、具有成本效益的替代品。在过去的几十年中，用于本体异质结 (BHJ) OSC 的有机半导体材料得到了迅速发展。其中，卟啉基小分子由于其大的共轭平面结构和强的紫外-可见光和近红外吸收，已被广泛应用于 BHJ OSCs 中的电子供体和电子受体。在这篇简短的评论文章中，我们主要集中总结了用于 BHJ OSC 应用的推拉卟啉基小分子的合理设计的最新进展。经过各种结构的发展，卟啉基小分子作为 OSC 中的电子供体的功率转换效率 (PCE) 已超过 12%。除此之外，基于卟啉电子受体的器件的 PCE 为 9.6%。本文将逐步深入了解卟啉基小分子的结构-性能相关性和分子工程策略。