Tuberculosis (TB) mostly spreads from person to person through Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). However, the majority of conventional detection methods for MTB cannot satisfy the requirements for actual TB detection. As one of the most promising powerful platforms, a silicon nanowire field-effect transistor (SiNW-FET) biosensor shows good prospect in TB detection. In this study, an enhanced SiNW-FET biosensor was developed for the rapid and sensitive detection of MTB. The surface functional parameters of the biosensor were explored and optimized. The SiNW-FET biosensor has good sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.01 fg/mL toward protein. The current change value shows a linear upward trend with the increase in protein concentration in the range of 1 fg/mL to 100 μg/mL. One whole test cycle can be accomplished within only 30 s. More importantly, a good distinction was realized in the sputum without pretreatment between normal people and TB patients, which greatly shortened the TB detection time (only 2–5 min, considering the dilution of sputum). Compared with other methods, the SiNW-FET biosensor can detect MTB with a remarkably broad dynamic linear range in a shorter time.

中文翻译：

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通过增强型纳米生物传感器快速、灵敏地检测结核分枝杆菌

结核病 (TB) 主要通过结核分枝杆菌在人与人之间传播（山地车）。然而，大多数传统的MTB检测方法不能满足实际TB检测的要求。作为最有前途的强大平台之一，硅纳米线场效应晶体管（SiNW-FET）生物传感器在结核病检测中显示出良好的前景。在这项研究中，开发了一种增强型 SiNW-FET 生物传感器，用于快速、灵敏地检测山地车。对生物传感器的表面功能参数进行了探索和优化。SiNW-FET 生物传感器具有良好的灵敏度，对蛋白质的检测限为 0.01 fg/mL。当前变化值在1 fg/mL至100 μg/mL范围内随着蛋白质浓度的增加呈线性上升趋势。一个完整的测试周期可以在 30 秒内完成。更重要的是，在未经预处理的痰中实现了正常人和结核病患者的良好区分，大大缩短了结核病检测时间（仅2-5分钟，考虑到痰的稀释）。与其他方法相比，SiNW-FET 生物传感器可以在更短的时间内以非常宽的动态线性范围检测 MTB。