Payments for environmental services (PES) are considered an effective approach to solving both environmental and socio-economic issues. However, there lies a significant research gap in the context of their impact on income and attitudes toward conservation. Using household survey data and the propensity score matching technique, this study evaluates the impact of the payments for forest environmental services (PFES) program on household income and attitudes toward forest conservation in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. The findings of this study reveal that the PFES program has positive effects on both. In terms of income, PFES effects are statistically significant for income sources, total income, and income per laborer but insignificant for income per productive landholding and production cost. The PFES program has also significantly influenced households' behavioral responses in terms of the following indicators: stopping deforestation activities, committing to the protection of forests, informing the government of illegal activities related to forests, and advising others against deforestation. Moreover, there is evidence supporting that the PFES program significantly affects households' cognitive responses. This improvement is facilitated through enhancing their knowledge of policies related to forest conservation by individuals and organizations that are responsible for forest conservation in general as well as for the local forest situation. Additionally, the PFES program has significantly enhanced households' satisfaction with forest protection activities, their interest in participating in policies or projects to conserve the forests, and their concern about local forest information.

环境服务付费 (PES) 被认为是解决环境和社会经济问题的有效方法。然而，在它们对收入的影响和对保护的态度方面存在重大的研究空白。本研究使用住户调查数据和倾向评分匹配技术，评估了森林环境服务 (PFES) 计划对越南中部高地家庭收入和森林保护态度的影响。这项研究的结果表明，PFES 计划对两者都有积极影响。在收入方面，PFES 对收入来源、总收入和人均收入的影响在统计上是显着的，但对人均生产性土地收入和生产成本的影响不显着。PFES 计划还通过以下指标对家庭的行为反应产生了显着影响：停止森林砍伐活动、致力于保护森林、将与森林有关的非法活动告知政府以及劝告他人不要砍伐森林。此外，有证据表明 PFES 计划显着影响家庭的认知反应。通过提高负责森林保护总体以及当地森林状况的个人和组织对森林保护相关政策的了解，促进了这种改进。此外，PFES 计划显着提高了家庭对森林保护活动的满意度，