Speed and trajectory of locomotion are the characteristic traits of individual species. Locomotion kinematics may have been shaped during evolution towards increased survival in the habitats of each species. Although kinematics of locomotion is thought to be influenced by habitats, the quantitative relation between the kinematics and environmental factors has not been fully revealed. Here, we performed comparative analyses of larval locomotion in 11 Drosophila species. We found that larval locomotion kinematics are divergent among the species. The diversity is not correlated to the body length but is correlated instead to the habitat temperature of the species. Phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian inference suggest that the evolutionary rate of the kinematics is diverse among phylogenetic tree branches. The results of this study imply that the kinematics of larval locomotion has diverged in the evolutionary history of the genus Drosophila and evolved under the effects of the ambient temperature of habitats.

中文翻译：

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果蝇属幼虫运动学的种间变异及其与栖息地温度的关系

运动的速度和轨迹是个体物种的特征。运动运动学可能在进化过程中形成，以提高每个物种栖息地的生存率。虽然运动的运动学被认为受栖息地的影响，但运动学与环境因素之间的定量关系尚未完全揭示。在这里，我们对 11 种果蝇的幼虫运动进行了比较分析。我们发现幼虫运动学在物种之间是不同的。多样性与体长无关，而是与物种的栖息地温度相关。使用贝叶斯推理的系统发育分析表明，运动学的进化速率在系统发育树分支之间是不同的。