Background The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study has generated a wealth of data on death and disability outcomes in Europe. It is important to identify the disease burden that is attributable to risk factors and, therefore, amenable to interventions. This paper reports the burden attributable to risk factors, in deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), in the 28 European Union (EU) countries, comparing exposure to risks between them, from 2007 to 2017. Methods Retrospective descriptive study, using secondary data from the GBD 2017 Results Tool. For the EU-28 and each country, attributable (all-cause) age-standardized death and DALY rates, and summary exposure values are reported. Results In 2017, behavioural and metabolic risk factors showed a higher attributable burden compared with environmental risks, with tobacco, dietary risks and high systolic blood pressure standing out. While tobacco and air quality improved significantly between 2007 and 2017 in both exposure and attributable burden, others such as childhood maltreatment, drug use or alcohol use did not. Despite significant heterogeneity between EU countries, the EU-28 burden attributable to risk factors decreased in this period. Conclusion Accompanying the improvement of population health in the EU-28, a comparable trend is visible for attributable burden due to risk factors. Besides opportunities for mutual learning across countries with different disease/risk factors patterns, good practices (i.e. tobacco control in Sweden, air pollution mitigation in Finland) might be followed. On the opposite side, some concerning cases must be highlighted (i.e. tobacco in Bulgaria, Latvia and Estonia or drug use in Czech Republic).

中文翻译：

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2007 年和 2017 年欧盟 (EU-28) 国家的风险因素及其对人口健康的贡献

背景 全球疾病负担 (GBD) 研究产生了大量关于欧洲死亡和残疾结果的数据。确定可归因于风险因素的疾病负担非常重要，因此可以采取干预措施。本文报告了 28 个欧盟 (EU) 国家在死亡和伤残调整生命年 (DALYs) 中可归因于风险因素的负担，并比较了 2007 年至 2017 年它们之间的风险暴露情况。 方法 回顾性描述性研究，使用GBD 2017 结果工具的二级数据。对于 EU-28 和每个国家，报告归因（全因）年龄标准化死亡率和 DALY 率，以及汇总暴露值。结果 2017 年，行为和代谢风险因素的归因负担高于环境风险，烟草、饮食风险和高收缩压突出。虽然 2007 年至 2017 年间烟草和空气质量在暴露和可归因负担方面都有显着改善，但儿童虐待、吸毒或酗酒等其他方面却没有。尽管欧盟国家之间存在显着的异质性，但由于风险因素导致的 EU-28 负担在此期间有所下降。结论 随着欧盟 28 国人口健康状况的改善，由于风险因素导致的可归因负担呈现出类似的趋势。除了在具有不同疾病/风险因素模式的国家之间相互学习的机会外，还可以遵循良好的做法（即瑞典的烟草控制、芬兰的空气污染缓解措施）。另一方面，必须强调一些令人担忧的案例（例如保加利亚的烟草、