The studies on the utilisation of supercritical fluids (SCFs) in processing chemicals and materials have garnered significant attention in the past two decades. SCFs possess both gas- and liquid-like properties that are tunable, rendering them as superior solvents for reactions and processes, for example in the delamination of graphite. SCF technologies are deemed to be potential alternatives to existing technologies for graphene production that are yet to be industrially scalable. This review features recent works on the production of graphene facilitated by SCFs, with emphasis on the conversion of graphite to graphene through exfoliation and reduction. The exfoliation processes report the yield of 6 to 27% of monolayer graphene and 3 to 25% of ≤ 5 layers of graphene, whilst the carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio of graphene produced via different reduction processes ranges from 0.37 to 28.2 with interlayer spacing of 0.35 to 0.38 nm. Recent applications of gas-expanded solvents for the synthesis of graphene and the fabrication of functionalised graphene materials via SCF-aided processes are also described. In addition, a summary of the properties of common SCFs as well as the characterisation of graphene materials, such as the number of layers, C/O ratio, interlayer spacing, pore size and surface area, is included to provide insights on the process efficiency.

在过去的 20 年中，超临界流体 (SCF) 在化学品和材料加工中的应用研究引起了广泛关注。SCF 具有类似气体和类似液体的可调节特性，使其成为反应和过程（例如在石墨分层中）的优良溶剂。SCF 技术被认为是现有石墨烯生产技术的潜在替代品，这些技术尚未实现工业规模化。这篇综述介绍了 SCF 促进石墨烯生产的最新工作，重点是通过剥离和还原将石墨转化为石墨烯。剥离过程报告单层石墨烯的产率为 6% 至 27%，≤ 5 层石墨烯的产率为 3% 至 25%，而通过不同还原过程生产的石墨烯的碳氧 (C/O) 比范围为 0.37 至 28.2，层间距为 0.35 至 0.38 nm。还描述了气体膨胀溶剂在合成石墨烯和通过 SCF 辅助工艺制造功能化石墨烯材料方面的最新应用。此外，还总结了常见 SCF 的特性以及石墨烯材料的表征，例如层数、C/O 比、层间距、孔径和表面积，以提供对工艺效率的见解.