COVID-19 is a global pandemic with a daily increasing number of affected individuals. Thrombosis is a severe complication of COVID-19 that leads to a worse clinical course with higher rates of mortality. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that hyperinflammation plays a crucial role in disease progression. This review compiles clinical data of COVID-19 patients who developed thrombotic complications to investigate the possible role of hyperinflammation in inducing hypercoagulation. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Medline and Scopus to identify relevant clinical studies that investigated thrombotic manifestations and reported inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers in COVID-19 patients. Only 54 studies met our inclusion criteria, the majority of which demonstrated significantly elevated inflammatory markers. In the cohort studies with control, D-dimer was significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with thrombosis as compared to the control. Pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis and strokes were frequently reported which could be attributed to the hyperinflammatory response associated with COVID-19 and/or to the direct viral activation of platelets and endothelial cells, two mechanisms that are discussed in this review. It is recommended that all admitted COVID-19 patients should be assessed for hypercoagulation. Furthermore, several studies have suggested that anticoagulation may be beneficial, especially in hospitalized non-ICU patients. Although vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been approved and distributed in several countries, research should continue in the field of prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and its severe complications including thrombosis due to the emergence of new variants against which the efficacy of the vaccines is not yet clear.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 患者的全身炎症可能诱发各种类型的静脉和动脉血栓形成：系统评价

COVID-19 是一种全球性流行病，受影响的人数每天都在增加。血栓形成是 COVID-19 的严重并发症，会导致更糟糕的临床病程和更高的死亡率。多方面的证据表明，过度炎症在疾病进展中起着至关重要的作用。本综述汇集了发生血栓并发症的 COVID-19 患者的临床数据，以研究过度炎症在诱导高凝状态中的可能作用。使用 PubMed、Embase、Medline 和 Scopus 进行了系统的文献检索，以确定调查血栓形成表现并报告 COVID-19 患者炎症和凝血生物标志物的相关临床研究。只有 54 项研究符合我们的纳入标准，其中大多数显示炎症标志物显着升高。在有对照的队列研究中，与对照组相比，有血栓形成的 COVID-19 患者的 D-二聚体显着更高。肺栓塞、深静脉血栓形成和中风经常被报道，这可能归因于与 COVID-19 相关的过度炎症反应和/或血小板和内皮细胞的直接病毒激活，这两种机制在本综述中进行了讨论。建议对所有入院的 COVID-19 患者进行高凝状态评估。此外，一些研究表明抗凝可能是有益的，特别是对于住院的非 ICU 患者。尽管针对 SARS-CoV-2 的疫苗已在多个国家获得批准和分发，