COVER PHOTO: Nudibranch Flabellina affinis slides on the green fronds of Caulerpa cylindracea, an invasive alga that has detrimental effects on Mediterranean native benthic flora and fauna. However, as reported by Santamaría et al. in this issue (Article e03440; doi:10.1002/ecy.3440), the synergistic effect between competition and herbivory can strongly limit the abundance of the invader in well preserved areas, where habitat complexity and herbivory pressure are high. Thus, the interaction between different processes is to be considered when assessing the biotic resistance of native habitats against invaders. Photo credit: Enric Ballesteros.

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封面照片： Nudibranch Flabellina affinis在Caulerpa cylindracea的绿色叶子上滑动，这是一种对地中海原生底栖动植物有不利影响的入侵藻类。然而，正如 Santamaría 等人报道的那样。在这个问题上（第 e03440 条；doi:10.1002/ecy.3440），竞争和食草动物之间的协同效应可以强烈限制入侵者在栖息地复杂性和食草压力很高的保存完好地区的数量。因此，在评估原生栖息地对入侵者的生物抗性时，应考虑不同过程之间的相互作用。图片来源：Enric Ballesteros。