Metasurfaces with dynamic optical performance have the potential to enable a broad range of applications. We computationally investigate the potential of dielectric Huygens metasurfaces, supporting both electric and magnetic dipole resonances, as a candidate platform for dynamic tuning. The asymmetric response of the two dipole resonances to changes in geometric and material parameters, and the potential for separate control of amplitude and phase, is analyzed. A review of dynamic materials, and their promise and limitations for use in dynamic Huygens metasurfaces, is discussed. Vanadium dioxide (${{\rm{VO}}_2}$) is recognized as a singularly interesting material, due to its variable refractive index and optical absorption in response to several stimuli. Transmitted phase modulation of ${{\pm}}\pi$ is computationally demonstrated as a function of decaying resonance utilizing only the first 5% of the insulator-metal transition, corresponding to a temperature change of ${\lt}{{10}}^\circ {\rm{C}}$. As another case study utilizing asymmetric resonance tuning in response to changing incidence angle, phase modulation (${{2}}\pi$ range for reflected light and ${\gt}{1.5}\pi$ for transmitted light) and amplitude modulation (from ${\rm{R}} = {{1}}$ to ${\rm{T}} = {{1}}$) are demonstrated using a simple silicon metasurface with varying incident angle within a range of ${\sim}{{15}}^\circ$ on two axes. A promising implementation within a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS)-based spatial light modulator, similar to conventional digital micromirror devices, is discussed.

中文翻译：

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动态惠更斯超表面的共振调谐

具有动态光学性能的超表面有可能实现广泛的应用。我们通过计算研究了电介质惠更斯超表面的潜力，支持电偶极子共振和磁偶极子共振，作为动态调谐的候选平台。分析了两个偶极子共振对几何和材料参数变化的不对称响应，以及单独控制幅度和相位的潜力。讨论了动态材料及其在动态惠更斯超表面中使用的前景和局限性。二氧化钒 ( ${{\rm{VO}}_2}$ ) 被认为是一种非常有趣的材料，因为它具有可变的折射率和响应多种刺激的光吸收。传输相位调制${{\pm}}\pi$被计算证明是衰减共振的函数，仅利用绝缘体-金属转变的前 5%，对应于${\lt}{{10}}^\循环 {\rm{C}}$。作为另一个案例研究，利用不对称谐振调谐响应入射角的变化、相位调制（反射光的${{2}}\pi$范围和透射光的${\gt}{1.5}\pi$）和幅度调制（从${\rm{R}} = {{1}}$到${\rm{T}} = {{1}}$）使用一个简单的硅超表面进行演示，在$范围内具有不同的入射角{\sim}{{15}}^\circ$在两个轴上。讨论了在基于微机电系统 (MEMS) 的空间光调制器中的有前景的实现，类似于传统的数字微镜器件。