Low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS), significantly influence the end-use quality of flour. In this study, a total of 63 Iranian bread wheat were used to evaluate allelic variation at loci encoding LMW-GS using SDS-PAGE and their gene-specific PCR primers, and allele-trait association analysis. Eight types of alleles were detected at the Glu-A3 locus by two primer pairs, in which Glu-A3c (31%) had the most frequent allele. Three specific primers detected 17 alleles at Glu-B3 locus, the high frequency of which belongs to Glu-B3f with 14.5%. For Glu-D3 locus; in total, 22 alleles were identified by four specific primers and Glu-D3h allele was the most frequent. 5, 9 and 9 alleles were identified by SDS-PAGE technique at the Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-D3 loci, respectively, the most frequent of which belongs to Glu-A3c with 40%. Using Nei’s genetic variation index (H), the allelic variation for Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-D3 loci, were estimated as 0.818, 0.914, and 0.910, respectively. The mean allelic variation (H) for Glu-3 loci was 0.894 among the genotypes. The results of allele-trait associations demonstrated that Glu-A3a and Glu-A3e were associated with high volume of SDS-sediment. The Glu-B3b, Glu-B3f, Glu-B3d and Glu-B3a were associated with high protein content, wet and dry gluten, and bread volume as well as hectoliter weight. Moreover, Glu-D3r was correlated to kernel hardness. The identified allelic variation and associated alleles with quality traits provided helpful information for marker-assisted breeding programs to improve bread-making quality.

低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基 (LMW-GS)，显着影响面粉的最终使用质量。在这项研究中，使用 SDS-PAGE 及其基因特异性 PCR 引物和等位基因-性状关联分析，总共使用了 63 种伊朗面包小麦来评估编码 LMW-GS 位点的等位基因变异。通过两个引物对在Glu-A3基因座检测到八种类型的等位基因，其中Glu-A3c (31%) 具有最常见的等位基因。3条特异性引物在Glu-B3位点检测到17个等位基因，其中高频率为Glu-B3f，为14.5%。对于Glu-D3位点；4个特异引物和Glu-D3h共鉴定出22个等位基因等位基因是最常见的。通过SDS-PAGE技术分别在Glu-A3、Glu-B3和Glu-D3位点鉴定了5、9和9等位基因，其中最常见的是Glu-A3c，占40%。使用 Nei 的遗传变异指数 (H)，Glu-A3、Glu-B3和Glu-D3基因座的等位基因变异分别估计为 0.818、0.914 和 0.910。Glu-3基因座的平均等位基因变异 (H)在基因型中为 0.894。等位基因-性状关联的结果表明，Glu-A3a和Glu-A3e与大量 SDS 沉积物相关。这GLU-B3b上，GLU-B3F，GLU-B3D和GLU-B3A物具有高蛋白质含量，干湿面筋，和以及百升重量面包体积相关联。此外，Glu-D3r与谷粒硬度相关。鉴定出的等位基因变异和与质量性状相关的等位基因为标记辅助育种计划提供了有用的信息，以提高面包制作质量。