Zeolites and zeotype materials, which are porous and crystalline metallosilicates, are key functional materials widely used as adsorbents and catalysts in the chemical industry. The function and performance of these materials are significantly dependent on heteroatoms that substitute isomorphously the tetrahedral sites, so-called the T-sites, of the frameworks. In addition to the types of substituting heteroatoms, their location and distribution in frameworks also dominate the performance of zeolites and zeotype materials as adsorbents and catalysts; for example, the acid sites generated on substituting Al³⁺ for Si⁴⁺ in the channels and at the channel intersections of MFI-type zeolites exhibit different catalytic activities for some reactions. In this context, the development of a synthetic procedure to control isomorphous substitution by heteroatoms with precision is highly desired. This highlight introduces recent achievements related to such precise tuning of the location and distribution of substituting heteroatoms, mainly Al³⁺, by a variety of synthetic approaches along with the effects of such well-controlled heteroatom siting on catalytic performance.

中文翻译：

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沸石和沸石材料骨架中同晶取代的杂原子位置和分布的控制

沸石和沸石材料是多孔结晶金属硅酸盐，是化学工业中广泛用作吸附剂和催化剂的关键功能材料。这些材料的功能和性能在很大程度上取决于杂原子，这些杂原子同构地取代了框架的四面体位点，即所谓的 T 位点。除了取代杂原子的类型外，它们在骨架中的位置和分布也支配着沸石和沸石材料作为吸附剂和催化剂的性能；例如，在通道中和MFI的通道交叉处用 Al ³⁺代替 Si ⁴⁺产生的酸位型沸石对某些反应表现出不同的催化活性。在这种情况下，非常需要开发一种合成程序来精确控制杂原子的同晶取代。这一亮点介绍了与通过各种合成方法精确调整取代杂原子（主要是 Al ^{3+ ）}的位置和分布有关的最新成果，以及这种控制良好的杂原子位置对催化性能的影响。