The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has claimed millions of lives and caused a global economic crisis. No effective antiviral drugs are currently available to treat infections of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The medical need imposed by the pandemic has spurred unprecedented research efforts to study coronavirus biology. Every virus depends on cellular host factors and pathways for successful replication. These proviral host factors represent attractive targets for antiviral therapy as they are genetically more stable than viral targets and may be shared among related viruses. The application of various ‘omics’ technologies has led to the rapid discovery of proviral host factors that are required for the completion of the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. In this Review, we summarize insights into the proviral host factors that are required for SARS-CoV-2 infection that were mainly obtained using functional genetic and interactome screens. We discuss cellular processes that are important for the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle, as well as parallels with non-coronaviruses. Finally, we highlight host factors that could be targeted by clinically approved molecules and molecules in clinical trials as potential antiviral therapies for COVID-19.

2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 大流行夺去了数百万人的生命，并引发了一场全球经济危机。目前没有有效的抗病毒药物可用于治疗严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 的感染。大流行带来的医疗需求刺激了研究冠状病毒生物学的前所未有的研究努力。每种病毒都依赖于细胞宿主因素和成功复制的途径。这些前病毒宿主因子代表了抗病毒治疗的有吸引力的目标，因为它们在遗传上比病毒目标更稳定，并且可能在相关病毒之间共享。各种“组学”技术的应用导致快速发现完成 SARS-CoV-2 生命周期所需的前病毒宿主因子。在这篇评论中，我们总结了对主要通过功能遗传和相互作用组筛选获得的 SARS-CoV-2 感染所需的前病毒宿主因子的见解。我们讨论了对 SARS-CoV-2 生命周期很重要的细胞过程，以及与非冠状病毒的相似之处。最后，我们强调了可能被临床批准的分子和临床试验中的分子靶向的宿主因素，作为 COVID-19 的潜在抗病毒疗法。