The productivist model implemented after the second world war has succeeded in improving production to meet growing demands for food, but it has also deeply affected soil physicochemical properties, as well as of aboveground and belowground biodiversity. Alternative farming systems such as organic farming, biodynamic farming and soil conservation farming are actually developing to enhance the sustainability of farming systems. Although the impact of agricultural practices on soil ecological quality is well known, there is little knowledge on the impact of the different farming systems as a whole. Here, we analysed the impact of the main farming systems on soil biodiversity and functioning, reported in about 100 scientific publications. We found that conventional, organic, and biodynamic systems are the most widely studied, whereas soil conservation farming is poorly documented. Soil biological indicators are improved by ca. 70% in organic farming and biodynamic farming relative to conventional farming. 43% of soil bioindicators are improved in biodynamic farming relatively to organic farming. Soil conservation farming scores better than conventional farming for 57% of the indicators. Therefore, biodynamic farming displays the highest soil ecological quality, followed by organic farming, soil conservation farming and, last, conventional farming. Organic fertilisation and longer crop rotations are the most favourable practices, whereas pesticides and soil tillage are the most deleterious ones. The review also evidences a lack of studies on soil conservation farming and on bioindicators of the soil fauna.

二战后实施的生产主义模式成功地提高了产量以满足日益增长的粮食需求，但也深刻影响了土壤的理化性质以及地上和地下的生物多样性。有机农业、生物动力农业和土壤保持农业等替代农业系统实际上正在发展，以提高农业系统的可持续性。尽管农业实践对土壤生态质量的影响是众所周知的，但对不同耕作系统的整体影响知之甚少。在这里，我们分析了主要农业系统对土壤生物多样性和功能的影响，这些影响在大约 100 篇科学出版物中有所报道。我们发现传统的、有机的和生物动力系统是研究最广泛的，而土壤保持农业的记录却很少。土壤生物指标提高约。相对于传统农业，有机农业和生物动力农业占 70%。与有机农业相比，生物动力农业有 43% 的土壤生物指标得到改善。土壤保持农业在 57% 的指标中得分高于传统农业。因此，生物动力农业表现出最高的土壤生态质量，其次是有机农业、水土保持农业，最后是常规农业。有机施肥和更长时间的轮作是最有利的做法，而杀虫剂和土壤耕作是最有害的做法。该审查还证明缺乏对土壤保持农业和土壤动物群生物指标的研究。