Collective cell motility is crucial to many biological processes including morphogenesis, wound healing, and cancer invasion. Recently, the biology and biophysics communities have begun to use the term 'cell jamming' to describe the collective arrest of cell motion in tissues. Although this term is widely used, the underlying mechanisms are varied. In this review, we highlight three independent mechanisms that can potentially drive arrest of cell motion - crowding, tension-driven rigidity, and reduction of fluctuations - and propose a framework that connects all three. Because multiple mechanisms may be operating simultaneously, this emphasizes that experiments should strive to identify which mechanism dominates in a given situation. We also discuss how specific cell-scale and molecular-scale biological processes, such as cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions, control aspects of these underlying physical mechanisms.

中文翻译：

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生物组织中细胞运动的干扰和停滞。

集体细胞运动对许多生物过程至关重要，包括形态发生、伤口愈合和癌症侵袭。最近，生物学和生物物理学界开始使用术语“细胞干扰”来描述组织中细胞运动的集体停滞。尽管该术语被广泛使用，但其潜在机制各不相同。在这篇综述中，我们强调了可能会阻止细胞运动的三种独立机制——拥挤、张力驱动的刚性和波动的减少——并提出了一个将所有这三者联系起来的框架。由于多种机制可能同时运行，这强调了实验应努力确定在给定情况下哪种机制占主导地位。我们还讨论了特定的细胞尺度和分子尺度的生物过程，