We have reported a waste-minimized protocol for the Sonogashira cross-coupling exploiting the safe use of a CPME/water azeotropic mixture and the utilization of a heterogeneous hybrid palladium catalyst supported onto a silica/β-cyclodextrin matrix in continuous flow. The use of the aq CPME azeotrope has proven to be crucial to enhance the catalyst performance including very low metal leaching. In addition, we have also completed the flow protocol by setting a downstream in-line liquid/liquid separation that allows the continuous recovery and reuse of the CPME fraction leading to consistent waste reduction. Finally, E-factor distribution and safety/hazard analysis have been performed highlighting the chemical and environmental efficiency of our protocol.

中文翻译：

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Si-Gly-CD-PdNPs 作为环境友好型连续流动 Sonogashira 交叉偶联的混合多相催化剂

我们已经报告了 Sonogashira 交叉偶联的废物最小化方案，该方案利用 CPME/水共沸混合物的安全使用以及在连续流动中负载在二氧化硅/β-环糊精基质上的多相混合钯催化剂的利用。事实证明，aq CPME 共沸物的使用对于提高催化剂性能（包括极低的金属浸出）至关重要。此外，我们还通过设置下游在线液/液分离来完成流程协议，允许连续回收和再利用 CPME 部分，从而持续减少废物。最后，进行了E因子分布和安全/危害分析，突出了我们协议的化学和环境效率。