Objective

To provide a systematic review of available brain MRI phantoms for comparison of structural and functional characteristics.

Materials and methods

Phantoms were identified from a literature search using two databases including Google Scholar and PubMed. Narrow inclusion criteria were followed for identification of only tissue-mimicking MRI phantoms excluding digital, computational, or numerical phantoms. Assessment criteria for the identified phantoms was based on three categories being anatomical accuracy, tissue-mimicking materials, and exhibiting relaxation times approximating in-vivo tissues. The available features and uses of each phantom were reported and discussed using the assessment criteria.

Results

Ten phantoms were identified after screening; each proposed phantom was then summarized in a table (Table 2). Significant features and characteristics were shown in the comparisons of phantom type in each category, being anthropomorphic vs. traditional phantoms. Anthropomorphic phantoms had more anatomically accurate features than traditional phantoms. On the other hand, traditional phantoms commonly used effective tissue-mimicking materials and accurate electromagnetic properties.

Discussion

The findings provide an overview of the different proposed tissue-mimicking MRI brain phantoms available. Various uses and features are highlighted by comparing criteria such as anatomical accuracy, tissue-mimicking material, and electromagnetic properties. Tissue-mimicking MRI phantoms are an extremely useful tool for researchers and clinicians. Future applications include personalized phantom technology and validation of MR imaging and segmentation methods.

中文翻译：

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用于 MRI 系统的拟人脑模型：系统评价

客观的

对可用的脑部 MRI 体模进行系统评价，以比较结构和功能特征。

材料和方法

使用包括 Google Scholar 和 PubMed 在内的两个数据库从文献搜索中识别出幻影。遵循狭窄的纳入标准，仅识别组织模拟 MRI 模型，不包括数字、计算或数字模型。已识别模型的评估标准基于三个类别，即解剖学准确性、组织模拟材料和显示近似于体内组织的弛豫时间。使用评估标准报告和讨论了每个体模的可用特征和用途。

结果

筛选后确定了10个幻影；然后将每个提议的模型汇总在一个表格中（表 2）。在每个类别中的模型类型的比较中显示了显着的特征和特征，即拟人化与传统模型。拟人化模型比传统模型具有更准确的解剖特征。另一方面，传统的体模通常使用有效的组织模拟材料和准确的电磁特性。

讨论

这些发现概述了可用的不同提议的组织模拟 MRI 脑模型。通过比较解剖精度、组织模拟材料和电磁特性等标准，突出了各种用途和特征。组织模拟 MRI 体模对于研究人员和临床医生来说是一种非常有用的工具。未来的应用包括个性化体模技术以及 MR 成像和分割方法的验证。