As a key component responsible for information processing in the brain, the development of a bionic synapse possessing digital and analog bifunctionality is vital for the hardware implementation of a neuro-system. Here, inspired by the key role of sodium and potassium in synaptic transmission, the alkali metal element lithium (Li) belonging to the same family is adopted in designing a bifunctional artificial synapse. The incorporation of Li endows the electronic devices with versatile synaptic functions. An artificial neural network based on experimental data exhibits a high performance approaching near-ideal accuracy. In addition, the regenerative ability allows synaptic functional recovery through low-frequency stimuli to be emulated, facilitating the prevention of permanent damage due to intensive neural activities and ensuring the long-term stability of the entire neural system. What is more striking for an Li-based bionic synapse is that it can not only emulate a biological synapse at a behavioral level but realize mechanism emulation based on artificial voltage-gated “ion channels”. Concurrent digital and analog features lead to versatile synaptic functions in Li-doped artificial synapses, which operate in a mode similar to the human brain with its two hemispheres excelling at processing imaginative and analytical information, respectively.

中文翻译：

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具有再生能力的双功能同源碱金属人工突触及电压门控离子通道机制模拟

作为大脑中负责信息处理的关键组件，具有数字和模拟双功能的仿生突触的开发对于神经系统的硬件实现至关重要。在这里，受钠和钾在突触传递中的关键作用的启发，在设计双功能人工突触时采用了属于同一家族的碱金属元素锂 (Li)。Li 的加入赋予电子设备多种突触功能。基于实验数据的人工神经网络表现出接近理想精度的高性能。此外，再生能力允许通过低频刺激来模拟突触功能恢复，有助于防止由于密集的神经活动造成的永久性损伤，并确保整个神经系统的长期稳定性。锂基仿生突触更引人注目的是，它不仅可以在行为层面上模拟生物突触，还可以实现基于人工电压门控“离子通道”的机制模拟。并发的数字和模拟特征导致掺杂锂的人工突触具有多种突触功能，这些突触以类似于人脑的模式运行，其两个半球分别擅长处理想象和分析信息。锂基仿生突触更引人注目的是，它不仅可以在行为层面上模拟生物突触，还可以实现基于人工电压门控“离子通道”的机制模拟。并发的数字和模拟特征导致掺杂锂的人工突触具有多种突触功能，这些突触以类似于人脑的模式运行，其两个半球分别擅长处理想象和分析信息。锂基仿生突触更引人注目的是，它不仅可以在行为层面上模拟生物突触，还可以实现基于人工电压门控“离子通道”的机制模拟。并发的数字和模拟特征导致掺杂锂的人工突触具有多种突触功能，这些突触以类似于人脑的模式运行，其两个半球分别擅长处理想象和分析信息。