Periodontitis has been associated with many systemic diseases and conditions, including metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur concomitantly and together they increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and double the risk of type 2 diabetes. In this review, we focus on the association between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis; however, we also include information on diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, since these two conditions are significantly intertwined with metabolic syndrome. With regard to periodontitis and metabolic syndrome, to date, the vast majority of studies point to an association between these two conditions and also demonstrate that periodontitis can contribute to the development of, or can worsen, metabolic syndrome. Evaluating the effect of metabolic syndrome on the salivary microbiome, data presented herein support the hypothesis that the salivary bacterial profile is altered in metabolic syndrome patients compared with healthy patients. Considering periodontitis and these three conditions, the vast majority of human and animal studies point to an association between periodontitis and metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, there is evidence to suggest that metabolic syndrome and diabetes can alter the oral microbiome. However, more studies are needed to fully understand the influence these conditions have on each other.

中文翻译：

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代谢综合征与牙周炎的关系：脂质、炎症细胞因子、宿主反应改变和微生物组的作用

牙周炎与许多全身性疾病和病症有关，包括代谢综合征。代谢综合征是一组同时发生的疾病，它们一起会增加患心血管疾病的风险，并使患 2 型糖尿病的风险翻倍。在这篇综述中，我们关注代谢综合征和牙周炎之间的关联；然而，我们还包括有关糖尿病和心血管疾病的信息，因为这两种情况与代谢综合征密切相关。关于牙周炎和代谢综合征，迄今为止，绝大多数研究都指出这两种情况之间存在关联，并且还表明牙周炎可能导致代谢综合征的发展或恶化。评估代谢综合征对唾液微生物组的影响，本文提供的数据支持代谢综合征患者与健康患者相比唾液细菌谱发生改变的假设。考虑到牙周炎和这三种情况，绝大多数人类和动物研究都指出牙周炎与代谢综合征、糖尿病和心血管疾病之间存在关联。此外，有证据表明代谢综合征和糖尿病可以改变口腔微生物群。然而，需要更多的研究来充分了解这些条件对彼此的影响。考虑到牙周炎和这三种情况，绝大多数人类和动物研究都指出牙周炎与代谢综合征、糖尿病和心血管疾病之间存在关联。此外，有证据表明代谢综合征和糖尿病可以改变口腔微生物群。然而，需要更多的研究来充分了解这些条件对彼此的影响。考虑到牙周炎和这三种情况，绝大多数人类和动物研究都指出牙周炎与代谢综合征、糖尿病和心血管疾病之间存在关联。此外，有证据表明代谢综合征和糖尿病可以改变口腔微生物群。然而，需要更多的研究来充分了解这些条件对彼此的影响。