Projectile points are a common subject of archaeological study. In the past decade, landmark-based geometric morphometrics (LGM) has increasingly been used to analyze points as whole objects. LGM and other studies document allometric changes in points—change in shape with change in size—as a product of resharpening. Allometry registers in part because different segments or modules of points are subject to different degrees of resharpening, with blades often experiencing more reduction than stems. Different modules retain varying degrees of morphological integrity as points move through their use lives. Most previous LGM studies involved two-dimensional point models, and few tested directly for modularity. We apply LGM methods to three-dimensional models of Folsom point replicas whose degree and pattern of reduction are known, finding evidence for both allometry and modularity, with modest integration. Complementary non-LGM data reveal similar results, indicating a robust pattern and ways to approximate LGM results in other data. Moreover, our dataset's experimental control clearly identifies the results as a function of the progressive reduction in use experienced by points.

弹丸点是考古研究的常见主题。在过去的十年中，基于地标的几何形态测量学 (LGM) 越来越多地用于将点作为整体对象进行分析。LGM 和其他研究记录了点的异速生长变化——形状随着尺寸的变化而变化——是重新锐化的产物。异速生长登记部分是因为不同的段或模块的点会受到不同程度的重新磨削，刀片通常比茎减少更多。随着点在其使用寿命中移动，不同的模块保持不同程度的形态完整性。大多数以前的 LGM 研究涉及二维点模型，很少直接测试模块化。我们将 LGM 方法应用于 Folsom 点复制品的三维模型，其减少的程度和模式是已知的，通过适度的整合找到异速生长和模块化的证据。补充的非 LGM 数据揭示了类似的结果，表明在其他数据中近似 LGM 结果的稳健模式和方法。此外，我们的数据集的实验控制清楚地将结果确定为点所经历的使用量逐渐减少的函数。