The Ecopath with Ecosim modeling software was used to construct a Ecopath model for two time periods based on the 2010 and 2020 Xihu Harbor marine ecological environmental survey data. Changes in the Xihu Harbor ecosystem structure over the 10 years were determined, and management recommendations were proposed. The model includes 20 functional groups such as detritus, phytoplankton, Spartina alterniflora, zooplankton, benthic mollusks, Sciaenidae, other planktivorous fish, other piscivorous fish, and sea birds, and cover the Xihu Harbor ecosystem energy flow pathways. The analysis results showed that the types and biomass of important organisms changed during the 10 years; the total resources drastically decreased, fishery resources decreased by almost half, benthic organisms and plankton increased, and the mean ecotrophic efficiency decreased slightly (from 0.493 to 0.472). In 2010, the total energy flow from primary producers to each trophic level was 1406 t/km²·a, and the total energy flow from detritus to each trophic level was 1559 t/km²·a. In 2020, the total energy flow from primary producers to each trophic level was 2628 t/km²·a, and the total energy flow from detritus to each trophic level was 2751 t/km²·a. The energy input from primary producers and detritus in the Xihu Harbor ecosystem increased significantly. This was because macroalgae cultivation and expansion of S. alterniflora increased primary productivity as well as the expansion of the scale of mariculture, which increased detritus biomass and supported a high amount of energy flow through the system. The main reasons for changes in the Xihu Harbor ecosystem structure were S. alterniflora invasion, changes in aquaculture structure, and the decline in fishery resources. We propose targeted marine management measures, including using local salt marsh plants to replace S. alterniflora to maintain high primary productivity, continuing optimization to improve mariculture structure, and strengthening the seedling release of marine organisms.

基于2010年和2020年西湖港海洋生态环境调查数据，使用Ecopath with Ecosim建模软件构建了两个时间段的Ecopath模型。确定了10年来西湖港生态系统结构的变化，并提出了管理建议。模型包括碎屑、浮游植物、互花米草等20个功能组、浮游动物、底栖软体动物、鱼类、其他浮游鱼类、其他食鱼鱼类和海鸟，覆盖了西湖港生态系统能量流通路。分析结果表明，重要生物的种类和生物量在10年间发生了变化；资源总量急剧减少，渔业资源减少近一半，底栖生物和浮游生物增加，平均生态营养效率略有下降（从0.493降至0.472）。2010年初级生产者向各营养级输送的总能量为1406 t/km ² ·a，碎屑向各营养级输送的总能量为1559 t/km ² ·a。2020年初级生产者流向各营养级的总能量为2628 t/km ²·a，从碎屑到每个营养级的总能量流为2751 t/km ² ·a。西湖港生态系统初级生产者和碎屑的能量输入显着增加。这是因为大型藻类的培育和互花米草的扩大提高了初级生产力以及海水养殖规模的扩大，这增加了碎屑生物量并支持通过系统的大量能量流动。西湖港生态系统结构变化的主要原因是互花米草的入侵、水产养殖结构的变化和渔业资源的减少。我们提出有针对性的海洋管理措施，包括使用本地盐沼植物替代互花米草 保持较高的初级生产力，持续优化改善海水养殖结构，加强海洋生物放苗。