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Landscape drivers of pests and pathogens abundance in arable crops
Ecography ( IF 5.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-29 , DOI: 10.1111/ecog.05433
Thomas Delaune 1 , Malick S. Ouattara 1 , Rémy Ballot 1 , Christophe Sausse 2 , Irène Felix 3 , Fabienne Maupas 4 , Mathilde Chen 1 , Muriel Morison 1 , David Makowski 1 , Corentin Barbu 1
Affiliation  

Farmers' use of fungicides and insecticides constitutes a major threat to biodiversity that is also endangering agriculture itself. Landscapes could be designed to take advantage of the dependencies of pests, pathogens and their natural enemies on elements of the landscape. Yet the complexity of the interactions makes it difficult to establish general rules. In our study, we sought to characterize the impact of the landscape on pest and pathogen prevalence, taking into account both crop and semi-natural areas. We drew on a nine-year national survey of 30 major pests and pathogens of arable crops, distributed throughout the latitudes of metropolitan France. We performed binomial LASSO generalized linear regressions on the pest and pathogen prevalence as a function of the landscape composition in a total of 39 880 field × year × pest observation series. We observed a strong disequilibrium between the number of pests or pathogens favored (15) and disadvantaged (2) by the area of their host crop in the landscape during the previous growing season. The impact of the host crop area during the ongoing growing season was different on pests than on pathogens: the density of most pathogens increased (11 of 17, and no decreases) while the density of a small majority of pests decreased (7 of 13, and four increases). We also found that woodlands, scrublands, hedgerows and grasslands did not have a consistent effect on the studied spectrum of pests and pathogens. Although overall the estimated effect of the landscape is small compared to the effect of the climate, a territorial coordination that generally favors crop diversity but excludes a crop at risk in a given year might prove useful in reducing pesticide use.

中文翻译:

可耕作物中害虫和病原体丰度的景观驱动因素

农民使用杀菌剂和杀虫剂对生物多样性构成了重大威胁,同时也危及农业本身。可以设计景观以利用害虫、病原体及其天敌对景观元素的依赖性。然而,相互作用的复杂性使得很难建立一般规则。在我们的研究中,我们试图描述景观对害虫和病原体流行的影响,同时考虑到作物和半自然区域。我们利用了一项为期 9 年的全国性调查,对分布在法国大都市各纬度的 30 种主要农作物病虫害和病原体进行了调查。我们对总共 39 880 个田间 × 年 × 害虫观察系列中作为景观组成函数的害虫和病原体流行率进行了二项式 LASSO 广义线性回归。我们观察到,在上一个生长季节,在景观中寄主作物面积有利(15)和不利(2)的害虫或病原体数量之间存在强烈的不平衡。在持续的生长季节,寄主作物面积对害虫的影响不同于对病原体的影响:大多数病原体的密度增加(17 种中的 11 种,没有减少),而少数害虫的密度降低(13 种中的 7 种,和四个增加)。我们还发现林地、灌木丛、树篱和草地对所研究的害虫和病原体谱没有一致的影响。
更新日期:2021-10-01
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