For proteins, the sequence → structure → function paradigm applies primarily to enzymes, transmembrane proteins, and signaling domains. This paradigm is not universal, but rather, in addition to structured proteins, intrinsically disordered proteins and regions (IDPs and IDRs) also carry out crucial biological functions. For these proteins, the sequence → IDP/IDR ensemble → function paradigm applies primarily to signaling and regulatory proteins and regions. Often, in order to carry out function, IDPs or IDRs cooperatively interact, either intra- or inter-molecularly, with structured proteins or other IDPs or intermolecularly with nucleic acids. In this IDP/IDR thematic collection published in Cell Communication and Signaling, thirteen articles are presented that describe IDP/IDR signaling molecules from a variety of organisms from humans to fruit flies and tardigrades (“water bears”) and that describe how these proteins and regions contribute to the function and regulation of cell signaling. Collectively, these papers exhibit the diverse roles of disorder in responding to a wide range of signals as to orchestrate an array of organismal processes. They also show that disorder contributes to signaling in a broad spectrum of species, ranging from micro-organisms to plants and animals.

中文翻译：

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关于内在无序蛋白质和区域在细胞通讯和信号传导中的作用

对于蛋白质，序列→结构→功能范式主要适用于酶、跨膜蛋白和信号结构域。这种范式并不普遍，相反，除了结构化蛋白质之外，本质上无序的蛋白质和区域（IDPs 和 IDRs）也具有重要的生物学功能。对于这些蛋白质，序列 → IDP/IDR 集合 → 功能范式主要适用于信号和调节蛋白和区域。通常，为了执行功能，IDP 或 IDR 在分子内或分子间与结构化蛋白质或其他 IDP 或与核酸在分子间协同相互作用。在 Cell Communication and Signaling 上发表的 IDP/IDR 专题合集中，提交了 13 篇文章，描述了从人类到果蝇和缓步动物（“水熊”）的各种生物体的 IDP/IDR 信号分子，并描述了这些蛋白质和区域如何有助于细胞信号的功能和调节。总的来说，这些论文展示了无序在响应广泛的信号以协调一系列有机过程中的不同作用。他们还表明，疾病有助于在从微生物到植物和动物的广泛物种中发出信号。这些论文展示了无序在响应各种信号以协调一系列有机过程方面的不同作用。他们还表明，疾病有助于在从微生物到植物和动物的广泛物种中发出信号。这些论文展示了无序在响应各种信号以协调一系列有机过程方面的不同作用。他们还表明，疾病有助于在从微生物到植物和动物的广泛物种中发出信号。