Abstract

Aromorphoses of unicellular organisms are almost unexplored. Foraminifera provide a unique opportunity of such studies, having the most complex structure and being most fully represented in the geological record. In their development, more than 10 aromorphoses (key advances) have first been discovered, which arose in different classes of Foraminifera independently and in parallel. Of these, the key ones are the emergence of an agglutinated and then secreted calcareous shell, a bifontinal (bilamellar) wall, multichamberedness, differentiation of chambers, an integrating system of channels and nuclear dualism. They represent peculiar ways of evolution at the unicellular level. Multicameredness can be compared with multicellularity; differentiation of chambers, with differentiation of tissues; a system of channels, striking in its complexity and carrying O₂, with the Metazoa circulatory system.

中文翻译：

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单细胞真核生物进化中的变形（以有孔虫 D'orbigny 为例，1826 年）

摘要

单细胞生物的变形体几乎未被探索。有孔虫为此类研究提供了独特的机会，具有最复杂的结构并在地质记录中得到最充分的体现。在它们的发展过程中，首先发现了 10 多种无形动物（关键进展），它们独立且平行地出现在不同种类的有孔虫中。其中，关键是出现了凝集然后分泌的钙质壳、双孔（双层）壁、多室、室分化、通道整合系统和核二元论。它们代表了单细胞水平的特殊进化方式。多聚体可以与多细胞相比较；腔室分化，组织分化；渠道系统，₂、具有后生动物循环系统。